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"kyoto Protocol" Economic Law Countermeasures

Posted on:2008-07-25Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:Y M LiuFull Text:PDF
GTID:2206360215473040Subject:Economic Law
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
10 years from now, Earth's climate will become more disastrous. There'llbe more mud-rock flows, heat waves, droughts, hurricanes and fires. At present,there are a lot of evidences which can prove that it is because human's dischargesof greenhouse gas that atmosphere average temperature became higher andhigher. Intergovemmental Climatic Change Question Group forecasted thatEarth's temperature will rise about 1.4-5.8 degree Celsius. Therefore, the variouscountries took pains to seek means which can reduce the discharge ofgreenhouse gas. The means is "Kyoto Protocol to The United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change".The process of the formulation and endorsement of Kyoto Protocol isbelow:1) Seed Stage——Stockholm Conference.2) Development Stage——The United Nations Framework Convention onClimate Change.3) Formulation Stage——Kyoto Protocol to The United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change.In order to control the discharge of greenhouse gas, and slow down globalwarming, the international society signed Kyoto Protocol What influences will ithave? In order to figure that out, we will analyze the Kyoto Protocol fromeconomy perspective.The Kyoto Protocol has been signed, because the Property Right of climateis not dear. The Property Right system has very important influence on resourcesdisposition. It is because the Property Right System of climate is not clear thatproducers discharged too much greenhouse gas into the climate.Climate is changing because of the externality. When producers dischargegreenhouse gas, it is a kind of pollution behavior. This kind of behavior shouldhave cost which should have been involved in the cost of their commodities butnot yet. Therefore Externality took place. Externality happened because socialcosts were above individual costs.How to solve the problem? By means of internalization of externality. There are two ways to internalize the external costs. The one is to establish theProperty Right System of climate. The other is to tax the behavior of discharge ofgreenhouse gas. These two ways are able to eliminate the Externality.When Externality is internalized, different country has different costs. Costsgap exists between developed countries and between developed countries anddeveloping countries. And because of the costs gap, the Kyoto Protocol hasadopted Joint Implementation Mechanism, Emission Trade Mechanism, andClean Development Mechanism to help its parties to fulfill their reduction goalsof greenhouse gas emission. These three mechanisms have great influence onour economy. They brought lots of opportunities to us, as well as challenges.Opportunities are below:They can bring us foreign capitals, advanced technology, and they canimprove our product's competitive ability, and promote industrial structure. Andalso, they can make gas price lower.Challenges are different pressures of reducing greenhouse gas's emissionon us become greater and greater. And another challenge is that our product mayhave more green barriers.In order to take these opportunities and get rid of pressures, we shoulddevelop Circulation economy, because:It can reduce our pressure of greenhouse gas emission; it can promote ourindustrial structure; it can reduce green barriers, and transforms our country theeconomical growth pattern.However, there are many barriers to eliminate. In order to developcirculation economy, we should: establish Circulation Economical Legal Systemand push Circulation Economy ahead.
Keywords/Search Tags:Kyoto protocol, Externality, Internalization of Externality, Circulation Economy
PDF Full Text Request
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