.1840-1860 Years Of The Northern Coastal Defence Military Layout Study

Today, with the high-speed development of world science and technology and the gradually intense marine competition, the sea countries have attached more and more importance to the coastal denfense. In order to meeting the needs of situation, the academic circles have taken the study of the coastal denfense as a significant task. So far the academic circles haven't yet paid enough attention to military layout of Beiyang coast defense during two Opium War. In view of this, based on rich and reliable materials, combined with historical records and achievements of predecessors, the article mainly studies the aspect of specific military layout which were taken by the late Qing Dynasty central government and the Beiyang three province local government which took resisting England and France'marine aggression ,defending the national capital security and the Beiyang coastal territory adopt as the central task.The article is composed of five sections .The first section is an introduction of the significance ,methods of the study and the achievements of predecessors ,on which my topic based ;In the second section ,by tracking back down to the general condition of the Beiyang's coastal defense before the first Opium War, the article researches into the history sources ,defense objects and the by nature traditional factors which restricted the Beiyang's coastal defense ; In the third section ,the article is divided the first Opium War into four time stages to come to inspect comprehensively the specific measures and the implementation effect of the Beiyang coast defense military layout ;In the forth section ,by taking the three Dagu War as the separatrix ,the article make the comprehensive examining on the mentality towards the Beiyang coast defense as well as the concrete military strength reassignment and the military layout implementation effect narration ;Finally the author sums up the main points of this article .After the comprehensive analysis , the author thought that the military layout of the Beiyang coast defense moved towards gradually maturely during the two Opium War . But the military layout of Beiyang's coast defense had the very great time limitation. It mainly manifests the passive defense coast defense strategic concept of'defending the mouth purly', in surrouding the narrow goal that the Beiyang coast defense protects the national capital , and gives up the command of the sea on own initiative ;the Beiyang coast defence military layout under this kind of negative conservative coast defense strategic concept instruction , is defeated completely through two Opium War . To study the military layout of Beiyang coastal defense during two Opium War , not only has significant academic value for the seeing about the coastal policy and the coastal construction and the coastal rights consciousness of the Qing Dynasty , and the modernization professors of the late Qing Dynasty; but also has significant use for reference to propel the coastal defense construction and the ocean economical cultural establishment of China and particular Persian Culf area.