Reconstruction And Network Analysis Of The Military Defense System In Han Dynasty In The Section From Yuli To Baicheng At The Southern Foot Of The Tianshan Mountains

Defense culture and its geographical connotation in Western Regions is of positive significance to understand the forming process of China's multi-integrated cultural pattern.During the period of Han Dynasty,the military defense system of the Western Regions was constructed as the major carrier of the defense culture.The military defense system from Yuli to Baicheng of Xinjiang in Han Dynasty was mainly composed of cities,beacon towers,post stations,military cultivation and their cooperative defense which had close internal relations with each other.In this study,the military defense network of Han Dynasty was reconstructed based on multiple spatial relation modes and local social relations.The spatial relations in the military defense system of the Han Dynasty were mainly embodied in the visibility network of military waiting system,the accessibility network of post transfer system,and the cultivating spatial relation network of military cultivation system.Among them,the reconstructed visibility network based on the visibility watching model between the beacons and cities constituted the important hub of military defense and the enemy's information transfer,which showed that the rapid military response mechanism had been established in Han Dynasty,and the local relationship with close connections were formed in the area of along Kongquehe River,Luntai and ancient Qiuci Oasis.In addition,the multi-level spatial accessibility road network based on the minimum cost distance algorithm was used to simulate the transportation organization form of government documents delivery,goods and materials transfer,and passengers transportation.This multi-level network structure was conducive to the efficient transmission.Through the study of topological structure characteristics such as topological complexity,spatial autocorrelation and morphological self-similarity,it was found that the accessibility transportation network was between the random network and the small-world network,with not complicated structure and less mature development although,but it had a great ability to expand.In the research,we also explored the spatial reconstruction method of military cultivation and built the cultivating spatial relation network,which contributed to the new understanding of spatial defense network.Specifically,based on the cultivating production relation model and the suitability evaluation of arable land,the spatial distribution of cultivated land in Han Dynasty was reconstructed inthe center of the ancient sites of Kajaskule,Drow Kurt and Big City.By further analysis,it was found that there were spatial correlations between these three sites and some other cities in the same cultivated land,which formed the cultivating relation network and provided effective guarantee for military operations and the clear of commercial roads in ancient times.Through the construction of the above diversified spatial network modes,it deepened the spatial cognition of the military defense system in Han Dynasty.The social relationship was also an important part of the defense system,which was reconstructed based on the local nearest neighbor coupling relationship of oasis environment effect.The spatial relationship and this local social relationship were complementary to each other and constituted the overall defensive network together,which provided a new thinking mode for the study of military defense system.Focusing on the social network analysis,we separated the relationship between defense events and sites in defensive network through the pattern changes between two-mode network and one-mode network,and further explored the intrinsic correlation characteristics of the network by adopting the multi-strategy analysis method.Under the top-down and bottom-up analysis strategies,we applied multi-perspective analysis respectively to discuss the defensive organization relationship and the location of ancient sites in the defensive network.From the comprehensive evaluation of sites ' global importance and local importance in the network,we acquired a multi-level recognition of military defense system.In addition,the attack strategy was used to simulate the robustness of the network structure which showed that the structure was relatively robust in the overall network,and strong resistance in local.And then,the driving factors for the formation of defensive relationships in the network were discussed.We applied the QAP correlation analysis and MR-QAP regression model to find the significant variant of the distance between sites.In the range from 20 to 70 km,the defensive relationship was easier to form.The systematic application of social network analysis provided a reference framework for archaeological research.Finally,we analyzed the geographical and cultural connotation of the defense culture in Han Dynasty from aspects of the ecological landscape pattern and major cultural routes.Based on the applications of landscape structure metrics and negative entropy flow theory,the key features of landscape pattern in Han Dynasty were deduced which were generally manifested as certain landscape fragmentation and regular patch geometric features.Besides,the important cultural routes of HanDynasty were established according to the importance level of the sites in the defense network.The defense culture had a profound influence on the formation of the cultural pattern in the ancient western regions.