Syria Policy Research (1949-1961),

Before World War ii. the relationship between Syria and the United States was very friendly. After World War II. as a result of Syria's special geographical location and the western oil exports of Iraqi must pass through Syria. Syria occupied an important position in the global strategy of the United States. When the United States built a global strategy and the military alliance in the Middle East to surround the Soviet Union, the United States tried to draw Syria into the Western capitalist camp.After World War II there were controversial issues between the United States and Syria on the Israel issue, the Turkey issue and the laying of oil pipeline. In addition, Syrian Government was instable for a long time. The most important thing was that Syria and the Soviet Union maintained close relations, which caused the United States tense, so the United States began to pay more attention to the Syrian government's every move, and made a series of policies.At the beginning of Cold War, as a result of the US-Soviet rivalry in Europe, the Soviet Union protected its sphere of influence in Eastern Europe and had no time to scramble for the Middle East. The United States and Britain were competing for the Syrian, which occupied a prominent position. In this case, Truman administration issued a series of policies, such as "the fourth-point plan" and NSC 129/1 document. These policies and documentation was for the Middle East countries in the region rather than specifically designed for Syria, but they were equally applicable for Syria.. Under the guidance of these policies, the United States adopted a series of hidden or open actions to subvert the Syrian government. The United States and Britain planed three coups to subvert the Syrian government in 1949, which exacerbated Syrian political instability and undermined the Syrian regime of parliamentary democracy.At the late of 1950' after consolidating its rule of Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union began to turn attention to the Middle East. In addition, national liberation movements in the Middle East Carried out rapidly after World War II, so the US-Soviet battle in the Middle East became tense. At the time, Eisenhower president issued NSC5428 documents and " Eisenhower Doctrine " , primarily through containing the Soviet Union, building a military alliance, the implementing psychological warfare and secret way to force Syria to change the position of pro-Soviet. At the same time, the United States implemented " Straggle Operation " and " Wappen Operation " on Syria. Due to various reasons, these actions had failed. Eventually, Syria and Egypt established the "United Arab Republic". This indicated that Syrian did not compromise to any superpowers, it also reflected the United States and Russia did not achieve their desired objectives.The United States' s policy on Syrian was as follows: from World War II to 1950, as a result that Soviet Union was busy restoring and developing the national economy and the consolidating its sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, Soviet Union had no time to pay attention to the Middle East. During this period the United States and Britain were competing for the Middle East which was more prominent. The United States' s policy on Syrian was conditional economic aid and military assistance, supporting pro-American government in order to drive Syrian into capitalist camp. From the middle of 1950 to the early 60s. after consolidating its rule in Eastern Europe, Soviet Union came back to compete with the capitalist countries in the Middle East. After the United States's policy on Syrian failed, the United States adopted a more proactive approach in Syria. In the period, the United States' s policy on Syrian was as follows: first of all. gross interfered in Syrian affairs, then attempted to take advantage of Syria's neighboring countries to direct subvert Syrian government in order to drive Syria into western camp. After the war II the United States was driven by the national strategic interests, economic interests and ideology, needed to contain the Soviet Union and communist expansion, so the United States adopted a series of covert or overt action to subvert the Syria government. It reflected the United States and Soviet Union drastic competition during the Cold War and the result is violation of Syria's national independence and sovereign equality. The measures taken by the United States had not only failed to reverse the radical position of Syria, but the relationship between the U.S. and Syria was hostile for a very long period. This had a far-reaching effects on pattern of US-Soviet Cold War and the situation in the Middle East.