In Order To Education For All

Inclusive education, which rises in 1990s, is a new international educational thought. In some European-American countries, at present, the theoretical discussions about this thought have made a great development. Moreover, some patterns of legislation, system and practice have come out. In contrast, systemic theoretic studies are quite spare in our country. Therefore, this article will try to discuss the thought theoretically and systemically and hope to boost a systemic concern of the study field. In addition, classroom integration, which is a Chinese mode of inclusive education, is mainly a practical summary. So it is scarce of deep-seated theoretical matting. Some experts of special education hence try to construct a theoretical framework for it and build a pedagogy of classroom integration. Here I hope this article will benefit the effort.The context and development will be narrated in the first part. In the west, inclusive education is a logical step of the educational form of "mainstreaming" and "integration education'". But inclusive education has been beyond the range of special education and touched the field of the general education. In the European-American countries, the new development of inclusive education study is that some expert of inclusive education study, such as Booth and Ainscow, begin to apply the analytical framework of "Inclusion-Exclusion" to the understanding of inclusive education. With this analytical pattern. Booth argues that the development of inclusive education be retrospected to the history of comprehensive education and community education. However, the concept "inclusive education" is advanced from the field of special education, so according to the analytical framework of Claff, who is a English scholar, the article will partition the development of inclusive education into five stages. The five stages are: medical-psychological tradition; sociological critique; curriculum perspective; school effectiveness strategy and disability study critique. Simultaneously, because some international organizations have promoted the developing of inclusive education greatly, so this article will describe the effect of some meetings and charters and statements on the development of inclusive education, based on the relations of education and human rights.In the second part, I will analyze the definition and some fundamental ideas of inclusive education. At present, there are various definitions of inclusive education. Here I will select three representative ones among them to discuss. Then I will discuss the fundamental ideas of inclusive education. Inclusive education argues that the traditional binary antinomy between the general education and special education willbe eliminated and a single educational system will be built in stead, which will include all the students. Inclusive education is not to assimilate all the students, but to reform the whole the educational system radically. It demands that the intent, function, culture, policy and practice of general education be reconstructed to respond to the diverse needs of all the students.Classroom integration is a pioneering work of china. Now it is considered to be a kind of inclusive education. However, classroom integration differs from inclusive education of the western situation in some ways. But it echoes integrative education, which is a concept anterior and relevant to inclusive education. In the third part of the article. I will analyze the differences of the social and philosophical basics, objects and fundamental ideas among classroom integration, integrative education and inclusive education. The launch of classroom integration is based on the economic basis and humanitarian tradition of our country, but the developing motives of inclusive education is out of the pursue of social democracy; the object of classroom integration is part of the disabled students, but inclusive education argues that the educational system include all the students; Classroom integration means the disabled students adapt the system of...