Sima Qian On Field Trips In The Writings Of The "historical Records" Anthropological Fieldwork Associated

History literary works,"Historical Records"is a representatives works of Field research in chinese traditional historyography.This article aims at providing model and help for anthropological localization in China by referencing anthropological perspective and method to comb and analyze the content of Sima Qian's Field research, using comparison method to clear off the relation and distinction between the field research of traditional historyography and field investigation of modern anthropologyThe essay divides into six parts.Reviewed and summarized relevant studies, the first Chapter field trips to historical and anthropological field research to define the issues ,and briefly elaborates the research significance, research methods, the innovation and the writing mentality of this article.After exploring the origin of field investigation, the second chapter analysis the characteristics of historyographical field investigation.On this basis,the paper discusses subjective and objective conditions of the Sima Qian's field investigation and three types of field investigation in"Historical Records".Drawing on anthropological field work, Chapter III analysis the four perspectives of the field investigations of Sima Qian which include:emic approach and etic approach, macro-perspective and micro-perspective, the perspective of the community and the cases, special study and comprehensive study. The concrete methods of Sima Qian's field investigation include: a reasonable choice of site, participant observation, interview methods, the use of oral history and so on.The fourth chapter compares the characteristics of field investigations in"Historical Records"with field research of anthropological methods from five aspects .First is that the scientific field and the establishment of the classical field is a historical process; The second is the changes in field of a field study ;Third is both similarities and differences in the function;Fourth is they all emphasize on the research which takes human as the central ;Fifth is that their investigation results all face with the literariness narration.The fifth chapter elaborates the significance of fieldwork in "Historical Records" . First of all, it makes achievements on "Record" good tradition of the "Historical Records" and the only good history of Sima Qian.Next is it had important influence on the aesthetic style of Historical Records; Then it reflects the insight of the social changes; Finally, tradition of Field research had a positive impact on later generationsChapter VI is a brief summary and conclusion.