Study Of Western Science And Technology Dissemination In Late Qing Dynasty

The Late Qing Dynasty(1840-1911) is a very special period in Chinese history. China has closed a long time since the late Ming and the door opened by foreign powers with gunboats, and complex extended for thousands of years of Chinese civilization and Western civilization, a large area of the collision, intersection.In order to maintain the crumbling feudal rule, the Qing government to study Western science and technology rush. Just a few years made three changes in movement, the Westernization Movement, the Hundred Days Reform, the Late Qing New Deal, a large number of the introduction of advanced Western science and technology, greatly promoted the spread of Western technology in China. This will also lead to China's social, political, economic, cultural huge change.Late this paper three main periods (the Westernization Movement, the Hundred Days Reform, the Late Qing) the spread of Western technology and comprehensive review of historical investigation, that:in the Westernization Movement, the introduction of mechanical artifacts is the original form of the spread of Western technology, The establishment of modern military enterprises spread of Western technology to provide the main sites, the establishment of new schools is conducive to Western science and technology education, students studying abroad as an important force in the spread of Western technology, translation of book publishing is an important way to the spread of Western technology. In the Reform Movement, through the establishment of Institute of reformers, newspapers open book, examination reforms, the establishment of library building, the use of modern scientific methods, etc. to actively promote dissemination of Western science and technology. In the Late Qing period, the Qing government adopted a series of innovative measures, such as the abolition of examination to establish a new modem educational system, emphasis on social education, promoting study tours, training of officials in Western learning, the construction of public libraries, have an objective to promote the spread of Western technology. Taken together, spread mainly in the Late Western technology deficiencies in four areas:first, technology evangelist diverse mix, the main dislocation; Second, the content of scientific communication in order to "control technology" as the lack of scientific method scientific spirit; Third, technological means of communication not effective from a "passive"to"active"dissemination of change; Fourth, the limited scope of science communication audience, failed to achieve widespread. These deficiencies are Modern China and Japan compared to Western science and technology communication differences.