Study On Dispersal Regulation And Bioreactivity Of Ambient Allergenic Pollens In Shanghai

In order to investigate distribution of allergenic pollens in Shanghai atmosphere, Pierre Cour pollen samplers were selected to collect pollens at 6 sampling sites of Shanghai from 2009 to 2010, while distribution of ambient pollens at different heights were investigated by using of Durham pollen samplers in spring and autumn. Additionally, Platanus grains were collected in different regions. Scaning Electronic Miscrosopy coupled with Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Ion Chromatography (IC), Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electropheresis (SDS-PAGE), Fluorescence microscope, and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) were used to identify the morphologies, elemental composition, ions, allergenic protein and bioreactivity of Platanus grains which was typical ambient allergenic pollen in Shanghai, respectively.Our results showed that the amount of ambient pollens has two peaks during our field survey period. One is in April and May, the main pollens are arboreal plants pollen, such as Moraceae, Pinaceae, Platanus and Betulaceae. Another peak is in August and Octomber, the main pollens are herbaceous plants pollen, such as Humulus L, Artemisia L, Compositae and Chenopodium L. Pollen's type and their number in atmosphere showed differently at different sampling site as well as at different height. Additionally, our results demonstrated that the meteorological factors, including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and precipitation, take effect on the aibrome pollen.The result of SEM/EDX showed that the diameter of Platanus grains was about 20μm, different pollutants were absorbed on Platanus grains which were sampled in different regions. The results by using of ion chromatography showed that the concentration of SO42- was highest in the detected ions including Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺, NO₃^-, SO₄^2- and Cl^-. Mass concentration of the detected ions at urban sampling sites, such as East China Normal University sampling site and Xuhui sampling site were higher than that of suburban area Pudong and Songjiang, and the concentrations of NO₃^-, SO₄^2-, NH4+ were higher in winter than those in spring.The results of ICP-AES demonstrated that there were some differences between crustal elements in different regions, the mass concentration of K in suburban area Baoshan Campus of Shanghai University, Songjiang and Pudong were obviously higher than that in urban area Xuhui. Mass concentrations of crustal elements in 6 sampling sites of Shanghai was following as Ca>Na>Mg>K. Mass concentrations of metallic elements in the samplers were in the order of Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni, while the samplers had regional variations in spring.There were two obvious bands in SDS-PAGE, their molecular weights were 71-105kD and 25-35kD, respectively. The ESR results showed that free radicals can be generated by Platanus grains. Free radical signals generated by Platanus grains collected at three regions (Putuo, Baoshan and Songjiang) in Shanghai were significantly stronger than that of USA commercial pure pollens, while Platanus grains of Putuo and Baoshan had strong ability to generate free radicals comparing to those of Songjiang.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by hydrated Platanus pollen grains was determined by using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluore-scin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Intracellular ROS levels in A549 cell induced by the Platanus grains were examined by using of DCFH-DA. The result showed that pollen grains could stimulate A549 cell to produce more intracellular ROS levels in cells. Intensity of intracellular ROS was significantly increased as the dose of pollen increased. Meanwhile, the determination of cell-free assay showed that Cry-j1 extract of Platanus pollen grains that collected in different regions had different ability to product fluorescence. The fluorescence generated by Platanus grains of the three regions in Shanghai were significantly stronger than that of USA commercial pure pollens, in the order of Songjiang>Putuo>Baoshan> USA commercial pure pollens.