Pesticide Residues Status And Impact On Quality In Fruits, Shanxi Province

Fruit of the pesticide residues is an important factor of food safety. Maximum limit residue of pesticide has become the important technical barriers among the international trade of countries. Pesticide application is one of the important means and measure to increase production of fruit in modern agricultural production. However, it also brings a potential threat to ecological environment and human life. Therefore, consumers and the whole society pay more attention to the hazards of pesticides, especially the pesticide residues. Pesticide of the fruit is also one of the hottest issues that the researchers focus. Surveying the area use of pesticides in fruit production, analyzing and testing the status and laws of pesticide residues in different fruits, have important practical significance for using safely pesticide and solving the problem of pesticide residues in fruits. In this paper, in the process of using monitoring and controlling techniques in fruit borer of pear and peach, especially after and before use of chemical pesticides control techniques, by detecting the pesticide residues, it provides the technical basis and support for effective prevention and control of pharmaceutical screening, projects of testing, demonstration and extension and further improvement of work, scientific prevention and control and food safety of fruits.In this paper, three kinds of fruits in Shanxi province are selected as testing samples:apples, pears and dates. It investigates and researches their types of pesticide residues and current condition of pesticide residues. By chemical analysis and instrumental analysis, it tests, analyzes and evaluates the status of pesticide residues in different treatments in the process of fruit borer project implementation of the main fruits in Shanxi province. At the same time, it studies the quality changes on different processing of apples, pears and dates. The main conclusions are as follows:1. The status of background surveys about pesticide residues in fruitIn 2008, according to the investigation of test area in recent years about the use of pesticides, we mainly surveyed and tested the pesticide residues and background about the testing soil and organophosphorus, organochlorine and pyrethroid of pesticides in fruits. The results showed that in all samples of soil and apples, there only detected an apple sample and one type of pesticides (omethoate), but they were below the national standard, the rest were below the detection limit.2. The analysis of detection of fruit pesticide residues in different treatmentsIn 2009, according to the control status of Chemical pesticides in study area of moth project, we carried out some tests on the impact of pesticide residues.For example, the number of different spraying, freezing and cold storage,bagging and non-bagging, peeled and non-peeled treatment,measured situation of residue about eight pesticides,such as Abamectin, Emamectin, Imidacloprid, Cypermethrin, Methidathion, Chlorpyrifos, Omethoate and Phoxim, and according to GB2763-2005 "maximum residue limits for pesticides in food" and NY1500.1.5-2007 standard were evaluated. The results showed that, pears and dates of pesticide residues increases as the number of spraying; pear pesticide residues are greater than the freezing cold treatment; apples and pears, pesticide residues of non-bagging were more than bagging; pesticide residues of date not peeled was more than peeled. Comprehensive analysis of the results shows that, the pesticide of excessive and has detected are concentrated in the samples of spraying more times, frozen immediately after picking and not peeled. The order of the different pesticides about detection rate is:cypermethrin> abamectin> imidacloprid> organic.In 2010, according to the situation of project of chemical pesticides and pesticide residues about moth project, at the same time in ensuring the efficiency and quality of the fruit against the same, after improved dosage and the number of drug, The determination results of pesticide residues show that:the eight pesticides were not detected in all samples.3. The quality change of apples between bagging and no-baggingThe implementation of bagging on fruit quality has not yet been decided at home and abroad. The results of the project implementation show that,from the outside, fruit bagging to improve the coloring and increase the surface finish of the fruit, greatly improve the appearance quality of fruit; bagging reduces the content of soluble sugar, titrable acidity and Vc about the varieties of three apple fruits Gala, Red Star, Fuji.Therefore, from the fruit flavor evaluation of sugar and acid bagging reduce the internal quality of fruit and the taste of the fruit in a certain extent. The influence of bagging on the protein content of apples is not obvious, Gala and Red Star in the protein content increased after bagging, protein content decreased after bagging of Fuji.4. The quality change of pear between bagging and no-baggingImplementation of pear bagging, quality of results showed that the color of bagging pear was more yellow than that of no-bagging, fruit surface finish getting better, not bagged are mostly green. But after bagging the average weight of pear significantly were lower than that of non-bagged. Compared with the non-bagging, pear of bagging titrable acidity, soluble sugar content and Vc content were decreased in Tai Gu and Yun cheng, bagging reduce the flavor index of sweet and sour taste. Bagging to improve the protein content of pear in varying degrees.5. Determination of date qualityNumber of different pesticides sprayed on date quality had no significant effect. But the quality of date was impacted by the origin and varieties to a great extent. The quality of the same species from different habitats date of analysis showed that, the soluble sugar,Vc content,and protein content of Kim Chang are Xin jiang> Tai yuan> Lin xian. From large to small protein content of the order changes in Xinjiang> Linxian> Taiyuan. In Tai yuan and Lin xian, Vc and protein content in different varieties of fresh dates changes in order of descending Jujube> Huping date> Lizao> Jun jujube; soluble sugar content changes in descending order of Jujube> Lizao> Chun date> Huping date. So for the date should pay attention to the cultivation of the land environment, climate and other conditions and select appropriate varieties better.In summary, from the status of pesticide residues at implementation of the project area in Shanxi borer, residual measurement and evaluation results in the implementation point of view, pesticide residues in fruits in Shanxi province in China to fully meet the standards for pesticide residues in agricultural products require that the project implementation process. So the key problem to the future is really to establish a standardized orchard pest management programs and measures, scientific prevention and control, to ensure food safety and quality of fruit protection.