Extraction And Separation Of The Flavor Components From Loquat Leaf And The Application In Cigarette Flavoring

With the harm reduction of the cigarette tar and for the promotion of quality, compensation by the smell in cigarette industry has been raised wide attention. Natural flavor composition is complex, many types varied in nature, especially rich aroma. To discover effective aroma ingredients from natural plants is the development trend in tobacco application. At the same time, because the majority of natural extracts is difficult to coordinate with the cigarette in the characteristic aroma, this prevented many natural extracts form using in cigarette flavoring. If the extracts were applied to the cigarette industry, its aroma grade must be improved.In this study we use heat reflux extraction, microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction with ethanol as extraction agent to extract loquat leaf. For each method, a single-factor test combined with orthogonal, Box Behnken experimental design and response surface analysis was studied. The extraction rate, optimization, the compound analyses and evaluation as cigarette flavoring were explored. Resin adsorption and rapid silica gel chromatography have been used to separate the extract compositions with different polarity elution agents. Among them, GC-MS spectra have been applied to identify the compounds and the evaluation as cigarette flavoring also performed.The following conclusions are drawn:(1) Solid-liquid ratio and extraction time have significant effect on the extraction yield in heat extraction of loquat; optimized conditions are solid-liquid ratio of 1:12, extraction time of 2.5h, and extraction temperature of 78℃(boiling point). This approved extraction yield under the conditions is 7.85%.(2) Solid-liquid ratio, microwave power and extraction time in microwave extraction have also significant effect on the extraction yield; optimized conditions are solid-liquid ratio of 1:11, extraction time of 40 mins and microwave power of 540 W. The extraction yield under the conditions is 7.90%.(3) Solid-liquid ratio, extraction time and ultrasonic power in microwave extraction have significant impact on the extraction yield; optimized conditions are solid-liquid ratio of 1:13, extraction time of 63 mins and ultrasonic power of 670W. The extraction yield is 6.82%.(4) The separation of the extract by resin with 50% ethanol as eluting agent has been performed and the isolated compounds contain nerolidol, farnesol, 4-vinyl-guaiacol, 3-oxo-α- ionol and so on. These compounds have elegant aroma and can be as the parts of a good cigarette flavoring.(5) Rapid silica gel chromatography has also used to separate the extracts with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, and then linear combination of ethyl acetate and ethanol are also as elution. The collected liquid is divided into four parts; the fourth part containsβ-phenethyl alcohol, nerolidol, 3-oxo-α-ionol, neophytadiene and megastigmatrienone, which can be as cigarette flavor with good effect.According to the results of extraction, separation, sensory evaluation and economics of the process, preferred microwave extraction and resin separation to prepare loquat isolates: Pre-treat the loquat leaf with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate; extract the loquat leaf with 95% ethanol, microwave power of 540W, solid-liquid ratio of 1:11, extraction time of 40mins; separate of the extraction by D101 resin colume with 50% ethanol as eluting agent, concentrated the eluate to get loquat isolates.