Study On Synthesis And Application Of A Fatty Acid Ester Antistatic Agent

The polyolefin material has overflow price, good safety stability, good thermal stability, circulative utilization and so on, is widely applies to every walk of life. The volume resistivity of polyolefin reached as high as 10¹⁶～10²⁰Ω·cm, static electricity was produced by polyolefin so easy that much harm were created, by add antistatic agent can eliminate the polyolefin electrostatic.An antistatic agent of fatty acid ester was synthesized by esterification of polyethylene glycol and polyglycerol with fatty acid such as palmitic acid,stearic acid.By measurement the acid value and esterification rate in the process of esterification reaction, the effects of catalyst content, ratios of polyethylene glycol to palmitic acid, reaction temperature and reaction time on esterification were studied. It showed that the optimum conditions of polyethylene glycol and palmitic acid are as follow: the molar ratio of polyethylene glycol to palmitic acid is 1.5:1, the amount of catalyst is 0.8%, the reaction temperature is 140℃and the reaction time is 5h. The optimum conditions of polyglycerol and palmitic acid are as follow: the molar ratio of polyethylene glycol to palmitic acid is 1:1, the amount of catalyst is 1.0%, the reaction temperature is 160℃and the reaction time is 5h.The obtained fatty acid ester was used to polyolefin as antistatic agent. The influences of amount of antistatic agent, storage time of polyolefin sample on antistatic property were investigated. It was found that the volume resistivity of polyolefin was decreased by three orders of magnitude when add antistatic agent. With increasing prolonging deposit time, the volume resistivity of polyolefin was tending to reduce, until balance. The optimum antistatic effect was obtained when the content of polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester is 3phr, when the prolonging deposit time is seven days, the volume resistivity of polyolefin lever out, is about 4×10¹⁰Ω·cm. The optimum antistatic effect was obtained when the content of polyglycerol fatty acid ester is 2phr, when the prolonging deposit time is five days, the volume resistivity of polyolefin lever out, is about 4.5×10¹⁰Ω·cm.In the meantime, the influences of different kinds of antistatic agent, environment humidity and temperature on antistatic property were investigated. The antistatic properties of polyethylene add with polyethylene glycol palmitic acid is better than polyethylene add with polyethylene glycol stearic acid. The antistatic properties of polyethylene add with polyglycerol glycol palmitic acid is also better than polyglycerol add with polyethylene glycol stearic acid. The antistatic effect becomes more obvious with increment of environment humidity and temperature.Adding antistatic agent has no effect on the mechanical properties of polyolefin can satisfy the requirements of operation.