| Objective:To study the tissues structure of Macaca mulatta lasiotis in Hypothalamus-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine axis, and explore the similarities and differences with other species and establish foundational morphological data for this subspecies; to observe the expression of ERa, ERβ,NOS1 in Hypothalamus-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine axis of Macaca mulatta lasiotis, then explore the functional links between the tissues of the "function block" as the Nerve-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine system. Methods:using HE staining and special staining to study the tissues structure of the Hypothalamus-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine axis; to observe the ultrastructure of immune and reproductive endocrine system by transmission electron microscopy; and using immunohistochemical SABC to show the expression of ERa, ER(3, NOS1 in Hypothalamus-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine axis. Results:1 The microstructure in Hypothalamus-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine axis of Macaca mulatta lasiotis1.1 The lateral structure of hypothalamus could be divided into four areas, as the preoptic region.the supraoptic region, the tuberal regionthe(also known as the medial region),the posterior region(also known as the mammillary region);the vertical structure coule be divided into three belts, as the periventricular zone, the medial zone, the lateral zone. There was no clear distinction between every districts.and they could be marked with the appearance of a characteristic nucleus. There was no apparente delimitation between nucleus because of they had a projection in the adjacent districts, but except supraoptic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic nucleus and tuberal nucleus with a clear boundaries. 1.2 The thymus, lymph nodes and spleen in immune system had similar tissues structure with other mammals.We have observed a variety of cell components as lymphocytes, epithelial cells, mast cells, macrophages, plasma cells, muscle cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils and so on.(1) The capsule of thymus was thin,the boundaries between cortex and medulla was obvious; there were 4-7 thymic corpuscles, and some had been disintegrated in center, and some had calcified material in center and some had been disintegrated literally. (2)The thickness of capsule, paracortex and medulla was different in submandibular lymph node, mesenteric lymph node and inguinal lymph node, the capsule and medulla in inguinal lymph node and the paracortex in mesenteric lymph node was thicker; the size of lymphoid nodules was also variance;Some lymphoid nodules extended to nearly medulla and it was most in inguinal lymph node;some parts of paracortex broke into the medulla.(3)the capsule of spleen was thick and the trabecula was prosperous:the splenic sinus is very rich.1.3 The tissues structure of pituitary, thyroid and adrenal in endocrine system was similar to other mammals. (1) The eosinophilic, basophilic and chromophobe cells in the pars distalis of adenohypophysis were staggered, there was no obvious regionality.(2) The size of thyroid follicle was various;the thyroid was quiescent that the follicular epithelial cells were flattened and the follicular cavity contained a lot of pectinithere were a few of parafollicular cells, mostly of them were located in follicles and a few existed between the follicular epithelial cells and basement membrane.(3)The partition of adrenal structure was significantly clear; the chromaffin cells were mainly located in the zona reticularis nearly medulla and medulla.1.4 The reproductive system,(1) There were many ovarian follicles in developmental stage and a large number of atretic follicles in ovary,and it was difficult to observe mature follicles and the process of ovulation. (2)It was not easy to see the secondary spermatocyte and sperm in seminiferous tubules of testis, the spermatogonia and sperm cells was less.2 The ultrastructure in Iimmune and Reproductive Endocrine system of Macaca mulatta lasiotisThere were some special ultrastructure in immune and reproductive endocrine system of Macaca mulatta lasiotis.but in generally, it was similar with the Yunnan subspecies and other mammals.2.1 The immune system.we have observed the ultrastructure of lymphocytes, epithelial cells, mast cells, macrophages, plasma cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, etc.(1)The morphology heterogeneity of mast cells was apparente, but its secretory granules in cells were always round or ellipse and was not various as other animals. (2)There was only one type of dendritic cells. (3) There were 6 types of epithelial cells in thymus;and there was also a special kind of cells which was similar with the APUD-like cells and small lymphocytes. (4) The reticular cells in lymph nodes had some special structure, that were some depression in irregular nuclei, lymphocytes in various of sizes arounding this cell closely, no fibroblast and reticular fibers to follow. (5) There was a specific granular cell in spleen which had a large number of round, oval or pear-shaped particles arounding the nuclear and there were many pyknotic rod-shaped crystallization and small particles in it.2.2 The endocrine system,(1)6 types of cells was existing in pituitary, as growth hormone cells, thyroid-stimulating hormone cells, prolactin cells, promote adrenal hormone cells, gonadotropin cells and follicular-astrocytes. (2)There were some different length of microvilli that was existing in the free surface of follicular epithelial cells in thyroid,was intruding in follicular cavity; Follicular epithelial cells and parafollicular cells could be divided into 2 types. (3) The pheochromocytes in adrenal gland could be divided into 3 types, the bright pheochromocytes,the dark pheochromocytes and the small particles pheochromocytes; In adrenal gland,there was also a granular cell with many bulky particles containing rod-shaped crystallization in cytoplasm cytoplasmic,was similar to eosinophils2.3 The reproductive system, (1) In oocytes.there were many homogeneous vesicles parcelling by a layer of membrane,which was more and concentrated around the cell membrane in cleidoic oocytes;a few of smooth muscles fibers was existing in follicle membrane. (2) There was only one type of spermatogonia in testis;some smooth muscle fibers was arounding tne basement membrane which was outside the seminiferous tubule; stromal cells coulde be divided into 3 types.3 The expression of ERα,ERβ,NO S1 in Hypothalamus-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine axis These three kinds of factor had a wide distribution in Macaca mulatt＋lasiotis'Hypothalamus-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine axis,the expression of the same factor in different tissues and the different factors in the same tissues was similar and also different.3.1 The expression of ERa in Hypothalamus-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine axisERa was mainly distributed in the hypothalamic's medial preoptic nucleus,lateral preoptic nucleus,suprachiasmatic nucleus,supraoptic nucleus.lateral hypothalamic nucleus,arcuate nucleus,tuberal nucleus and posterior hypothalamic nucleus,and they had strong positive expression;The positive expression in anterior hypothalamic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus is in middle level and weak in periventricular nucleus, dorsal hypothalamic nucleus and ventral hypothalamic nucleus. In periphery organ, ERa had a wide expression in thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, ovary and testis, all of them had strong positive expression.3.2 The expression of ERβin Hypothalamus-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine axisIn hypothalamus, the main expression of ERP were in medial preoptic nucleus,lateral preoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus,supraoptic nucleus.lateral hypothalamic nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus,but in which,the expression in medial preoptic nucleus.suprachiasmatic nucleus and supraoptic nucleus was weaker than ERa;there were no positive expression in anterior hypothalamic nucleus,periventricular nucleus, dorsal hypothalamic nucleus,tuberal nucleus;The expression of ERP in other nucleus was weak. In periphery organ, ERβhas expressed in thymus, submandibular lymph nodes, groin lymph nodes, spleen, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, ovary and testis,but the extent of expressionis was narrower than ERa.3.3 The expression of NOS1 in Hypothalamus-Immune-Reproductive Endocrine axisIn hypothalamus, the main expression of NOS1 were in lateral preoptic nucleus,suprachiasmatic nucleus.lateral hypothalamic nucleus;the positive expression in posterior hypothalamic nucleus was medium;the expression of NOS1 in other nucleus was so weak,,specially in paraventricular nucleus. In periphery organ, NOS1 has expressed in thymus, groin, lymph nodes, spleen, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, ovary and testis,but was less and weaker than ERa. |
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