| As the fertilizer quantity and pattern of the current crop in Sichuan was unknown, the article used the methods of household sample survey, agricultural statistics and literature to investigate and analysis the fertilization situation of major crops in Sichuan. The results were as follows:1,Rural labor in the junior high level had the largest ratio, was 49.6%, the proportion of illiteracy was the smallest 2.3%. Per capita income was positively correlated with the basic education, the Rural household of high school education was the most, reaching 5,310 yuan. The income of migrant workers reached a maximum of 34.5% in the proportion of total rural household income, food income was only 15.6%. In the survey of 93 villages in 2009, intercropping planting area accounted for 54.0% of dry land area, which were the main mode of wheat/maize, maize/beans, potato/corn, and corn/potato, respectively, the ratio of intercropping area accounted for 23.2%,20.8%,17.6% and 17.5%.2,The yields of the rice, maize, wheat and rape were 7263.5kg/hm2,6186.9kg/hm2, 4474.4kg/hm2,2454.4kg/hm2. The highest in fertilizer partial factor productivity (PFP) was wheat, reaching 18.0kg/kg, while the lowest was rape, only 8.5kg/kg.3,The largest in fertilizer nutrient inputs was corn, the inputs of N,P2O5,K2O and total were respectively 289.4kg/hm2.114.2kg/hm2,76.8kg/hm2 and 480.3kg/hm2. The ratio of the amount for organic fertilizer application in 500-1000kg/667m2 was the largest, rice, corn, wheat and rape were espectively 35.7%,25.5%,18.8% and 24.5%. Based on the analysis of organic and inorganic nutrients, the N,P2O5,K2O of rice were mainly from fertilizers, respectively accounted for 87.8%,82.5%,62.9% of total NPK nutrients. The N,P2O5 of the corn, wheat, rape were mainly from fertilizer, while the K2O mainly from organic fertilizer. To sum up the 4 crops, there were the phenomenon of the imbalance of nutrient structural, the low ratio of N:P:K, more nitrogen fertilizer and shortage of potash fertilizer. The ratio of rape about N:P2O5:K2O was only 1:0.39:0.32 although K2O had the maximum input.4,The period of fertilizer input was unreasonable, focused on the basal fertilizer, which was accounting for the 56% of fertilizer input in the the whole growth period, while the second fertilizer input was plant less than 20%. Rural household applied fertilizers based on the experience, more than 50% of rural household applied fertilizers by sprinkling or mixing with water, less than 7% of them applied fertilizers according to technical manuals.5,Fertilizer application was mainly in a single fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer was mainly urea and ammonium bicarbonate, which was 30%-50% proportion; Phosphate fertilizer was mainly uperphosphate, which was over 25% proportion; Potash fertilizer was less than 3% proportion. The ratio of fertilizer application was less than 50% for the farmers, only the rape applied the fertilizer of the trace elements boron, and the ratio was only 2.5%.6,Household management was the biggest impact factors of crop production, reaching about 50%, the followed factor was natural disasters and the proportion was 35% or more. The farmers which was most in need of help was to reduce investment, increase cultivation technique, the proportion respectively reached 25% and 35%. |
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