Research On Regional Experiment Of Salvia Miltiorrhiza From Sichuan Province And Photosynthetic-response Characteristics Of Salvia Linn.

Chinese herbal DanShen comes from dried rhizomes and roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which belongs to Salvia Linn. in Labiaceae, according to the pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China. It was widely used for its good treatments to many diseases. Sichuan province was considered as the authentic production area of S. miltiorrhiza, which was mainly cultivated at Zhongjiang county. Because of its red skin, thick flesh and high content of active components, DanShen cultivated in Zhongjiang County was best. Quality of S.miltiorrhiza which cultivated in Zhongjiang County appeared degenerate phenomenon in recent years. Because of the different varieties of S.miltiorrhiza were planted in mixed way, asexual reproduction in the long time, resources was not choosed, thus maked the yield and the content of active components instable. Though Zhongjiang county had establish brand of "Zhong Jiang danshen" in China, but yet hadn't its own variety of S.miltiorrhiza that was considered by National Crop Variety Approval Committee (NCVAC). According to the principle that seed was the key of increase production and quality improvements, breeding of S.miltiorrhiza must be undertake.In the study, three new varieties of S. miltiorrhiza named DY, XY, YS were selected for regional test and in order to identificate its fertiliy, stability and adaptability, which provide scientific basis for official appraisal of S.miltiorrhiza variety and extension in Sichuan province. Meanwhile in order to provide basic data for wild plant resources protection and cultivation of three species of Salvia Linn., the photosynthetic characteristics of adaptation and physiological response were studied in this research. The main results were as follows:1. Many morphological characteristics can be used to identify the three new variety of S.miltiorrhiza, such as:the color and the shape of corolla, the color of anther, ramastrum, number of leaves, terminal leaflet, rachis length, and so on.2. Group of DY were stable. Early germination and long growth stage were its characteristics. The seedling stage of DY was 65-90 d. and the growth stage was 240-270 d. The cross-section of its root was without duramen and few root fibrils were existed which gave it a better appearrance. The regional adaption of DY was well. It also had yielding ability and good stabilities. The outputs of DY was most highest than other varieties and high quality was its another superiority. The fresh and dry outputs of DY, significantly higher than control strains (P<0.01), increased 23.61% and 34.76%, respectively. The most prominent indexes were outputs and the rate of reaching level A. Tanshinone IIA and danshinolic acid B were effective compositions of S.miltiorrhiza. The concentrations of tanshinoneⅡA and danshinolic acid B in DY,9.68% and 6.06% higher than control strains, was 2.38mg/g and 51.09mg/g, respectively. Above all, DY was a nice strain of S.miltiorrhiza to be worthy of generalization.3. The yielding ability of XY was lower than DY. However, although the lignification degree of its roots was serious and duramen was numerous, the concentrations of medicative effective compositions in XY were the highest of all the strains. The concentrations of tanshinoneⅡA and danshinolic acid B was 2.64mg/g and 59.43mg/g, respectively. Because of this protrusion, it can be placed extra emphasis on extracting active ingredient or smashing to be used as medical.4. The rate of reaching level A of YS was low. The lignification degree of its roots was serious and the yielding ability was lowest of all strains. Moreover, the concentration of tanshinone IIA was lower than the level specified in pharmacopoeia. So it was only regarded as a stuff of S.miltiorrhiza for further study.5. The chlorophyll contents of the three species of Salvia had significant differences. Photosynthesis-light response curves of all the 3 plants were agree with the new photosynthetic light-response model. The AQY, Pnmax and LCP of S.miltiorrhiza, respectively 0.0403,13.32μmol·m-2·s-1,24.37μmol·m-2·s-1, were the lowest of the three plants, and S.paohsingensis were the highest. The light radiation net photosynthetic rate (Pn), interceller CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of the tree species of Salvia Linn. showed different responses to the photosynthetic available radiation flux density(PAR) to some extent.6. Both S.miltiorrhiza and S.paohsingensis were not typical positive plants, and the shadow resistance of S.brevilabra was well. To increase the net photosynthesis rate of S.miltiorrhiza and retard transpiration, it was better to intercropp with tall crops such as corns.