Strategies Research And System Establishment Of Quality And Safety Control For Turbot Industrialized Culture

Due to neglect the management in the turbot culture process, aquaculture facilities, technique and other details are different. So many kinds of hazard can be easily led in the culture system from environment, inputs and the culture operation. This will cause the products quality uneven, and lead to quality and safety issues occasionally. However, the domestic standards lack of applicability and operability to turbot culture, and cannot be communicated with the actual culture production. Therefore, through applying the theory of Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) and surveying status of domestic turbot culture, this article analyzed the main factors that influence the quality and safety of turbot culture, and established quality and safety control system, which was more applicable and operational. The specific control measures were compiled to the"quality and safety control practice for turbot industrialized culture".1. The impact of environment on the quality and safety of turbot is manifested in the pollution hazard from ecological environment and farm layout. The specific control measures distributed over the following three aspects. First, the mining of deep well sea water should be limited to the exploration reserves, and the risk assessment on the surrounding environment should be carried out in the selecting of farm site. Second, the specific layout of the farm was put forward. Third, the build and layout of culture workshops and ponds were put forward to suit for the growth of different size of turbot.2. The quality of the fry directly affects the effects of adult fish culture. What's more, the insecurity factors in the fry might be hard eliminated in the course of subsequent culture. So the following control measures were proposed. First, brood fish should be introduced regularly, and culturists should select the brood fish which are in far affinity relationship in the breeding. Second, the disinfection should be in the right position both in the fry rearing process and in the animal bait rearing process. Third, drugs residue, microbes and parasites should be detected in the fry purchase. Forth, selective breeding should be in a planned way during the turbot culture.3. The unreasonable regulation of aquaculture water can limit the growth of turbot, and the inaptitude and change of water quality can make turbot produce stress reaction or even cause disease. This article proposed water quantity, pond water level, and water exchange rate, which were suitable for the growth of different size of turbot. Moreover, water sampling, routine water quality monitoring indicators and their standard values, monitoring methods were proposed. The monitoring indicators include: temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), non-ionic ammonia, nitrite, total bacteria, pathogenic Vibrio, and heavy metals.4. The type, composition, particle size, and stability in water of feed can affect feeding and growth of turbot and water quality. Furthermore, pathogens, heavy metals and other hazards in feed are closely related to sickness and safety of turbot. The control measures distributed over the following four aspects. First, artificial formulated pellet should be used through the whole process of culture. Second, in addition to examine the sensory indicators and stability in water of the feed, the physical and chemical indicators of feed should be comprehensive detected. Third, the suitable particle size of feed for the different size of turbot and feed ration were put forward. Forth, the article regulated feeding and related disinfection operations.5. The incorrect awareness and use of fishery drugs and improper treatment method will produce toxicity or resistance to the turbot. Some drugs might residue in turbot and thus affect the safety. The control measures distributed over the following four aspects. First, the purchase procedure of fishery drugs was put forward. In the first place, the buyer should make certain the scope of the permitted drugs by standards. After that, the competency of fishery drugs factory should be audited so as to guarantee the fixed procurement. In addition, the drugs should be detected periodically. Second, the method of drugs storage was put forward. Third, before the treatment, the definite diagnosis of the causes of disease and the symptomatic treatment were demanded. Meanwhile, the effects of disinfectants were compared, and the doses of the two of disinfectants were put forward. Forth, in the drug residue monitoring plan, the controls on culture were added and the detection standards were perfected.6. There presence various risks in the culture operation, which can affect the quality and safety of turbot. The control measures distributed over the following three aspects. First, the more detailed and accurate stocking densities of turbot in accordance with different sizes were put forward. Second, many specific requirements of other culture operations were put forward. Third, the traceability system during the whole culture of turbot and contingency plans were also put forward.Finally, in this article, the degree of compliance between the management pattern of turbot industrialized culture in farms and this system was estimated, and the coincidence rate was between 31.02-78.82%. So the high feasibility of this system used in the turbot culture could be speculated. Meanwhile, the quality and safety of turbot and the culture operating conditions were evaluated. The results showed that the quality and safety of turbot and the profitability of culture were positively correlated with the degree of compliance. Therefore, we can also speculate that the quality and safety of cultured turbot can be ensured and the culture cost will be reduced through the effective operation of this system.