| Dactylopius coccus Costa is a kind of precious and economic resources insect, original distributed in Mexico and south America, it's host is cactus plants. Mature cochineal insect contained carmine acid which is a kind of chemistry material has been used in food, cosmetics, drugs etc. Currently, the necessary of carmine acid in the world is increasing, and the price is higher.and higher.China has no naturally cochineal and production carmine acid, all the carmine acid our needed are dependent on importing. Producing cochineal and carmine acid by ourselves will save a large of foreign exchange for our country. In the process of industrializing, the primary task is to improve the cochineal's yield and quality. It is important significant to scientifically cultivate the cochineal to study the most reasonable relationship between the cochineal and the cactus.Spatial distribution regularities of cochineal female adult, nutrition and volatile matter of the cactus, growth and traits of the cactus, indexes carmine acid content, and productions of the cochineal were studied in this chapter. The main results were summarized as follows:(1) The spatial distribution pattern of the cochineal on the cactus belongs to aggregated distribution, the basal component of distribution is groups of individuals, and the probability distribution accorded with negative binomial distribution, survey of the cochineal's vertical distribution demonstrate that the cochineal mainly host on two-years- old and three-years-old stems. The best equation describing the area of cactus with the number of cochineal is Y=728.515+0.347X while R=0.211, meaning that the correlativity between them is inconspicuous.(2) Nutritional analysis demonstrates that high sugar content in two-years-old cladodes may help the insect to food the host. The volatile matter determination results show that cactus have 6~30 kinds of volatile matter, mainly include ketone, alkane, alkene, aldehyde and sulfide. Preliminary judgement is made that"disulfide, dimethyl-"may lure the insect to host, while alkane may repel the insect. (3) There is no change to cactus plant height and the number of cladodes from December to next February. And March to May is the season that most exuberant growth happen. But parasitism of the cochineal could inhibit cactus growing, the increases of cactus plant height, the number of new cladodes and new cladodes'area of cactus without cochineal are more than that with parasitic cochineal. With the increase of cochineal density, the increase of growth of cactus will be correspondingly decreased, the peak period of growth will also be delayed. The height of cactus without cochineal had a slow rise and the number of the cladodes remained relatively static, but the cactus with cochineal had decreased. The cochineal parasitic will lead cactus to drop down, dry and decay.(4) The volume and bosom eggs of cochineal in the second and the third grade are significantly greater than in the fourth and the first grade, the cochineal of the fourth grade is slightly greater than the first grade, but the second and the third grade are generally quite.(5) The percentage of the carmine acid of spring-summer generation cochineal is 22.72%, summer-autumn generation is 20.37%, and autumn-winter generation is 21.91%, the summer-autumn generation is slightly less than other two generations.(6) 1kg dry-cochineal contain 100 thousands cochineal, and dry cochineal production would be 32kg per 667m~2 land each year, while spring-summer generation production is 9.2kg, summer-autumn generation is 13.9kg, autumn-winter is 9.5kg. |
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