The Studies Of Biological And Ecological Characteristics On Dactylopius Coccus Costa At Artificial Conditions

The cochineal insect( Dactylopius coccus Costa) was a kind of preciousand economic resources insect, original produced in Mexico and CentralAmerica, it's host was the cactus plant. Mature insect contained carmine acid,accounting for 19%-24%of fuck insect weight .The carmine acid was a kind ofchemistry material, can be used as the ideal and natural dyestuff, its advantagewas anti-oxidizing, and also not decomposing under the light. The carmine hasbeen used for food, cosmetics, drugs etc. Professions broadly. Currently, thenecessary of carmine in the world was increased, the price was higher, urgingthe cochineal insect industry to rise. There were large subtropics region inour country, these local ecological environment was flimsy, and not suitablefor developing the agriculture, but suit to plant the cactus and feed thecochineal insect. There has no breeding of cochineal insect and production ofthe carmine in our country, the using of carmine had been depending onimport. Therefore, measuring the valuable index sign of the insect speciescurrently in our country, studying its foundational biology and the ecologycharacteristic, choosing the best farming condition, and studying in themicro-ecosystem realm at the first step, and have the important theoretical andpractical meaning to expand the breeding this kind of precious and economicinsect in our country. Observed the growth characteristic of the different instars of Dactylopiuscoccus Costa based breeding Dactylopius coccus Costa successfully; studiedthe influence of the temperature, density, illumination and the age of host onthe growth, the body weight of adult female insect and the eggs pregnanted ofadult female; studied the content of protein, ester, sugar, amino acids andmicroelement etc. inside insect,and separated and identified 4 kinds of bacteriainside the alimentary tract of Dactylopius coccus Costa . The main conclusionas follows: 1. There were several instars among the growth of Dactylopius coccusCosta. Female included the egg,the first instars,the second instars,adultfemale. The male insect included the egg,the first instars,the second instars, 4山东农业大学硕士学位论文pre-pupa,pupa adult male insect. The wax gland hole was a circular widemargin hole, most of them were five-grid gland, often cluster, there were 30～37 clusters on head , each one amounted to 10 more holes. There were90～130 clusters on chest,each one has 20 holes, there were 100 clusters on thebelly, each one amounts to 30 more holes. With the increase of the age, thenumber of the wide margin holes also increased immediately. 2. Within the range of 15~38℃, observed the rate of survival ofDactylopius coccus Costa in at the different temperatures condition, at 15℃ below and 38℃ above, the death rate was very high, most of the insectscan't complete its life history. Because of that, we proceeded the research ofthe influence of tempreture on the growth of Dactylopius coccus Costawithin the range of 15～38℃.The result was that within the range of 18～35℃, the growth period of each instar was shorter with the temperature higher,the growth velocity increase with the temperature increase, at 35℃ the growthperiod (36.6 d) was 2/3 of the period (97.8 d)at 18℃.The body weight andnumber of eggs pregnanted of adult female in the various temperature werenot direct ratio with the temperature, from18℃ to 25℃ The body weight andnumber of eggs pregnanted of adult female were not too different. At 25℃,both the body weight and the number of eggs pregnanted of adult femalewere biggest. At 30℃ and 35℃ the growth were faster, but the the bodyweight and number of eggs pregnanted of adult female were oppositely lower.That was to say although the appropriate high temperature can shorten thegrowth period of Dactylopius coccus Costa, it was not the most suitablecondition. 3. Each period of instars of the Dactylopius coccus Costa shorten...