| Dactylopius coccus Costa was a kind of precious and economic resources insect, original produced in Mexico and Central America, it's host was the cactus plant. Mature insect contained carmine acid. The carmine acid can be used in many industry for example food, cosmetics, drugs etc. Currently, the necessary of carmine in the world was increased, the price was higher. Cochineal insect have nine species, and the D.coccus have the most important economical value.There were large subtropics region in our country, these local ecological environment was flimsy, and not suitable for developing the agriculture, but suit to plant the cactus and feed the cochineal insect. There has no breeding of cochineal insect and production of the carmine in our country, the using of carmine had been depending on import. Therefore, the research our country has introduced the grain variety at present the foundation bioecology and the best cultivation condition, may open the new cultivation production increase way, to better will from now on promote the grain in our country, will have the important theory and the practice significance.This article take Opuntia ficus-indica Mill as the host plant. Studied the temperature to ovipositing, hatching and development influence. Research the sex ratio, the eclosion rate, the carmine acid content and the insect quantity of breed in field. Meanwhile, research the breed technique of D. coccus. The main research content and the conclusion include:1 In greenhouse, the basic morphology and biological behaviour of D. coccus was meticulous observed. There were several instars among the growth of D. coccus. Female included the egg,Nymph I,Nymph II,adult female. The male insect included the egg,Nymph I,Nymph II,pre-pupa,pupa,adult male insect. D. coccus undergo ovipositing, hatching, pervasion, rooting, excreting wax, ecdysis, eclosion and copulating in its develop process. The sex ratio and eclosion rate has been researched, We can find that sex ratio was consistent in Yunnan trial region, and a majority of pupas can eclosion. 2 Under five constant temperature from 20-30°C, observed the effect of temperature on ovipositing and hatching of D. coccus. The result indicated that, the average of ovipositing and hatching egg quantity assumed increasing trend with the temperature rising in the the range of trial temperature in the mass, and most of the eggs could hatch. Thereinto, the hatching rate reached most at 25°C. Under five constant temperature, the oviposition speed, oviposition rate become higher and the oviposition period become shorter with the temperature rising.3 Under 22°C, 25°C, 28°C three constant temperature, observed the effect of temperature on experiment population dynamic of D. coccus, the result indicated that, each moment in develop process of D. coccus have some death rate. The egg stage have low deth rate, the high death rate occurred at Nymph I moment, each have 65%, 64%, 69% Nymph I dead during crawling and rooting on the cactus. The mortality rate has reduce in two stages from Nymph I to Nymph II and Nymph II to imago (male imago and female imago). With the temperature rising, the cumulate death rate increased, long time in the environment of high temperature can effect D. coccus develop and finally induce the number of female imago.4 Development threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature for entire generation of D. coccus was 5.77°C and 1600.60d/°C. Link to the average temperature of Kunming, Lufeng, Jingdong, in the above trial points D. coccus may reproducible anniversary.5 Mensurate the carmine acid content and the moisture content of dry insect body that pruduced in Lufeng. Gathered female imago of D. coccus in apiece trial region of Yunnan and mensurate them length, width, eggs pregnanted. The result indicated that, the dry insect body carmine acid content of Lufeng produced was higher than Peru, the moisture content was lower than Peru, the quality turn up trumps and can be produced . In the whole, there have no obviously difference among the length, width and eggs pregnanted of female imago.6 The time of pick insect effect on ovipositing, hatching and the method of put insect effect on the female imago quantity can finally gained were studied in the greenhouse and artificial climate box. The results show that mature degree of D. coccus female imago have obviously effect on the ovipositing rate. The ovipositing rate of the female imago which haven't oviposited were obviously lower than that have partly oviposited. The female body was consistent when put insects by slice up and peper bag method, the growth speed have no obviously difference. Finally, we can gain 110.5/piece and 75.0/pieces by these two methods, it showed that paper bag method would be good. In the process of put insects, the insects within 10~30/pieces was suitable and 10/pieces was the highest at 288.0/pieces. ompare with the natural population of gamogenesis, the female developed normal after wipe off the male, there was no obviously difference among the morphological, developing and life cycle of each state. After wipe off the male, the eggs pregnanted was far off lower than comparison, the reason may be no natural gamogenesis and made eggs pregnanted greatly reduced, meanwhile, the egg shape exist obviously difference, the normal growth female experience copulation, eggs in its vivo shape were ellipse and the size were consistent, the eggs length and width concentrated nearby 0.7mm and 0.4mm. But eggs in emasculation female vivo assumed spindle shape and extremely irregular. The egg size were disperses extremel... |
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