The Factors Influencing Yield And Quality On Shoots Of Dendrocalamopsis Oldhami In Southern Zhejiang Province

Green bamboo (Dendrocalamopsis oldhami), which is widely used in many aspects and grows into forest fast. It has long shoot-yield period, output high, nutrient-rich with high economic value and ecological benefits. In recent years, with the increased attention on health and diet quality, the shoots of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami are popular for its rich nutrition, fresh and delicious, as well as decreasing blood pressure and blood lipid. It is extremely urgent to develop the high yield and good quality management techniques on shoots as expanding on the area of shoot-used Dendrocalamopsis oldhami. Therefore, this paper has studied the impact on yield and quality of bamboo shoots with different slope and management time, the bamboo structure, fertilization in the main producing area of southern Zhejiang province. The aims of the study are to find out the important environmental factors and management measures which can result in high yield and quality of bamboo shoots, meanwhile, it can provide theoretical basis on high field and quality of bamboo shoots. Research conclusions are as follows:1. The changing rule on yield and quality of bamboo shoots was different with different slope positions and management time. The order on yield of fresh bamboo shoots on different slope positions was lower slope > middle slope > upper slope, but nutrients of shoots on different slope positions had no significant difference. Among them, the yield and quality on shoots of bamboo forest operated three-year on lower slope were the best, the yield of fresh bamboo shoots reached 3 160.94 kg·hm^-2,which was 1.10 times higher than bamboo forest operated six-year and 3.02 times higher than bamboo forest operated ten-year. At the same time, the reducing sugar of shoots in the bamboo forest operated three-year was the highest (6.34 g·100g^-1), the tannin was the lowest (0.43 g·100g^-1), so the shoots were the most sweet and delicious. In addition, the crude protein and the crude fiber of shoots were the highest. However, the yield and quality on shoots of bamboo forest operated six-year on middle slope and upper slope were the best, whose yield of fresh bamboo shoots reached 1 343.97 kg·hm^-2 and 590.27 kg·hm^-2 respectively, in the meantime, their reducing sugar, crude protein and crude fiber were the highest, crude fat and tannin were much lower. 2. The yield and quality on shoots in the different bamboo forest structure were different. The yield of fresh bamboo shoots reached 10 208.33 kg·hm^-2 with age structure in which the ratio of 1 year old bamboo and 2³ years old bamboo was 2:1. Compared with 1:1 and 3:1, it has more than 3 901.85 kg·hm^-2 and 2 138.89 kg·hm^-2 respectively. Although the quality of different age structure has no significant difference, the moisture content, reducing sugar and crude protein of shoots in the age structure was 2:1 were much higher, its crude fat and tannin were much lower, so the quality of shoots was much better. In addition, 9 zhu·cluster^-1 was the best, its yield was the highest, meanwhile, its reducing sugar, crude protein and crude fiber were the highest, which has significant difference with 6 zhu·cluster^-1 and 12 zhu·cluster^-1, except that the moisture content was higher and the crude fat was lower in the structure of 9 zhu·cluster^-1.3. Fertilization could significantly improve the yield and quality of bamboo shoots, but organic fertilizer was more effective, the number of total shoots per unit area under using organic fertilizer reached 25 457个·hm^-2, which was higher 2 707个·hm^-2 than bamboo forest using fertilizer and 13 205个·hm^-2 than CK. In addition, organic fertilizer could improved the quality of shoots, its reducing sugar and crude protein were higher, tannin and crude fat were lower, which was the most significant difference than quality of shoots with fertilizer. Based on above finding, it was the best to choose the lower slope in mountain region in cultivating shoot-used Dendrocalamopsis oldhami in southern Zhejiang province. It also could choose the middle slope and upper slope as expanding cultivation area. Although at the beginning the yield was low, the yield and quality would be improved after some years. The age structure in which the ratio of 1 year old bamboo and 2³ years old bamboo was 2:1 was the best, 9 zhu·cluster^-1 was much better in the structure of 780 cluster·hm^-2. Meanwhile, we should use organic fertilizer as far as possible, the yield of fresh bamboo shoots in the bamboo forest with organic fertilizer was 1.03 times higher than fertilizer and 2.91 times higher than CK.