The Forest Ecosystem Services And Their Valuation Of Ningxia Areas

Forest ecosystem is a natural ecosystem of the largest terrestrial ecosystem, the most complex composition, the most abundant species, most adaptable, the largest stability and most complete, which plays a decisive role in improving and protecting the natural environment,while also providing human with necessary important resource for survival. In terms of Ningxia Provice, it plays a role in stopping Siberian cold block from invading and Tenggeli Desret from eastward moving, and is praised as a natural barrier in irrigated areas of Yellow River Liupanshan is a lager forest area in Ningxia, which nurtures the Qingshui river, Hulu River, Ru River, Hong River and Jing River,so that parts of Shanxi and Gansu provinces benefit from it. In a word, though Helan Mountain, Liupan Mountains, Luoshan and other forest areas are not very big in Ningxia Provice, they play quite a significant role in maintaining the ecological balance. But the dry climate and unique geographical environment objectively determines that Ningxia is a relatively fragile ecological area.This paper attempts to present forest ecosystem services including water conservation, C fixation and O₂ release, air purifying, biodiversity protection, erosion control, recreation and eco-tourism and their indirect economic value of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region forest with following methods such as shallow engineering method, production cost method and opportunity cost method. The results indicated that the average annual integrated forest ecosystem services value was 4256.110691 million yuan in 2003 and 4599.769416 million yuan in 1998. The economic value of service function is sequenced as biodiversity protection, water conservation, C fixation and O₂ release, erosion control; air purifying, recreation and eco-tourism from high to low. The economic value of service function per unit area for polar is the highest one , and then followed by economic forest, soft broad-leaved trees, oak, larch, Chinese pine, spruce, birch, linden, armand pine, in order in 1998. And in 2003 the order was polar economic forest, oak, soft broad-leaved trees, hard broad-leaved trees, larch, Chinese pine, spruce, birch, linden, armand pine. Forest ecosystem services value was 314.1919 yuan/hm².ain the fifth forest inventory and 29051.95011yuan /hm².a in the sixth which decreased 7.54% compared to the previous. Because of the large reduce of polar area and change of community structure economic value of ecosystem service decreased.This study provided scientific basis for realization of green GDP, the sustainable development of forestry policy, the development of the ecological environment in Ningxia and the national decision-making.So it is very necessary to study on main forest ecosystem function and value analysis and quantification;through quantitative assessment, it can provide scientific basis for policy formulation of Ningxia forestry sustainable development and ecological environment construction;it can also be quantified for the state to provide the scientific basis of macroeconomic policy-making, meanwhile promote the public awareness of environmental protection.