| Pinellia tenate(Thunb.)Breit, Araceae, herbaceos perennial. It spreads over north and south in China, grown in fields,undergrowth,slopes. Tuber(medicinal materials name:Pinellia tenate), oblate, a kind of apophlegmatisant, it has many effects like eliminating dampness and eliminating phlegm, antiemetic, rids of phlegm nodules, etc. The medical use of Pinellia tenate has a long history over 2000 years ago. From 20th century 80s,it has gone through wild species planting to artificial planting. The important forest resources in China showed that the the whole country's annual average volume of purchase of wild pinellia is less and less, because of environmental change and so on. Consequently, people started to plant Pinellia tenate from 70s,until the beginning of 90s,goods of Pinellia tenate find sa good sale at home and abroad,in especial Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia. And just because of it, people paid more and more attention to the economic benefit of Pinellia tenate, the planting area of Pinellia tenate is spreaded. But by now, due to the degenerate of tubers, shortage of provenance, rise in price, the cost of planting became higher, climatic effect and plant diseases and insect pests. What's more? The planting technology of Pinellia tenate was at a low lever from beginning to end, and economic benefit decreased, the planting area glided. At present, the natural resources of Pinellia tenate sudden drops and is near extinction.The experimental materials for the reseach are leaves, stalks, tubers and floral organ which are from Jingshan. There are several modesofreproductions in the research, include tissue culture inducing enbryo callus, tuber propagation, bulbil propagation and seminal propagation, show the initiation and development, the difference between them. The material conclusions are as follows:1.The best formula of callus outgrown rate and embryonal callus inducing rate for leaves and stalks is MS+0.2mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L ABA+0.1mg/L IAA; and that for somatic embryo formation rate, the best formula of leaves is MS+0.2mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L ABA+0.1mg/L IAA, the best formula of stalks is 0.2mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L ABA+30g/L PEG.2.The leaves of Pinellia tenate induce somatic embryo, it needs about 29 days, but for stalks, it needs just about 13 days. stalks's poduction site of callus is the incision, leaves's is at the surface. Somatic embryo accurrences of surface, cells divide to globular embryo, and form reproductive isolation from other cells. Embryogenic callus are much more different from unembryogenic callus.3.Spread tubers into the field, it will take 17 days to budding, the rate of emergence is 92.7%,and one tuber can outgrow 2 or 3 stalks. The growing of tubers is similar to bulbil, cells which are near growing point divide quickly, growth cone forms protuberance, cotyledon covers outermost layer, meristematic cells under epidermis of tubers form root primordium. The structure of apical meristem of tubers is similar to tunica-corpus theory, firstfloor tunica upheaval, the second euphylla stretch outword, cover on the third leaf. Leafprimordiums, because of unsymmetric grow, cover each other, so there are 3 tunicas adhere on the surface of growth cone. The cells outer sphere gradually to lignification during the growing. There are vascular bundles, conduits, raphide crystals and amylum bodys.4.The tubers budding to grow into bulbils, it needs about 28 days, mainly on each root of stalk, there will send forth a bulbil, a few of them come out bulbil at the petiole.The cells under surface of root of stalks do periclinal division and anticlinal division, leaf primordium covers apical meristem, it form a midheaven zone. The two euphylla on it cover together and come into euphylla and some little protuberances on one side of growth cone. Growth cone then form obvious three tunicas. The cells outersphere of full-blown bulbil appears lignification.5.The anther of Pinellia tenate surrounded a circle outside the the external of anther,there are epidermis, fibrage, middle-level from the exterior to the interior of anther wall. Pollen mother cells are in the different period of meiosis at the moment,most of them are in the dyad period, a few in the tetrad period, the pollen grains are immaturate at present. And inner integument in the ovary is stretched out, integument is longer then outegument. The cavity zone in ovule is embryo sac. It's not sure that the period of embryo sac mother cell.6.The germination rate is all high in embryo callus induction from tissue culture and tuber induction, and it reach 100% in embryo callus induction. It spends less time to sprout in stalks of embryo callus induction, about 13 days, it spends 29 days in leaves of embryo callus induction. And it spends about 60 days from flower to form seeds, the budding rate of seeds is low. |
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