Histochemical And Cytochemical Localization Of Triterpenoid Saponins In Cyclocarya Paliurus

Anatomical, histochemical and Cytochemical methods were used to investigate the structure of vegetative organs, and triterpenoid saponins localization and dynamic changes in cyclocarya paliurus. The results were showed as follows.1.The leaf belonged to typical bifacial leaf. There were nonglandular hairs and glandular hairs in the surface.The stomatas only existed in lower epidermis, and they were convex. Vascular system in midrib was ectophloic and it had an additional vascular strand.The secondary structures of stem consisted of periderm and secondary vascular tissue. Vascular system in stem was ectophloic. Abundant fibers and cluster crystals were found in the cortex, secondary phloem and secondary xylem. The new stem had the pith, but in the center of the mature stem, there was a lamellate pith. In the primary structures of root, cortex consisted of parenchyma cells, which occupied a considerable part in the cross section. The primary root was tetrarch without pith, and the secondary xylem was developed.2.Histochemical localization results showed that triterpenoid saponins mainly distributed in palisade parenchyma, midrib and glandular hair of leaf, in cortex and parenchyma cell of secondary phloem of stem, in Phelloderm and Secondary phloem of root. It displayed that triterpenoid saponins accumulated mainly in palisade parenchyma of leaf.3.Cytochemical localization results showed that triterpenoid saponins mainly distributed in nucleus of young leaf; mainly in Chloroplast thylakoids, Vesicle and plasmalemma of mature leaf.4.The contents of triterpenoid saponins in stem and leaf of cyclocarya paliurus increased in the growth period from the lowest in April and May to the highest in September. The contents of triterpenoid saponins in root were higher in April and May, while decreased in June, reached the peak in September, it showed a changing trend from high to low, and to high. Leaves of cyclocarya paliurus should be the main harvest parts during production, and they should be gathered in September.