The Applied Research On Microbial Agents In The Reduction Of Crop Fertilizer Application Technology

Bacillus from the soil and goods through the screened and identified two with nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus and potassium reconciliation function of the strains, and mixed under appropriate conditions fermentation. The microbial agents were commonly used in the Shanghai area and the main leafy green spinach crops of rice. In the case of partial substitution of chemical fertilizers, we studied the growth of rice and spinach, soil properties, soil microbial activity and diversity.(1)After sequencing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bacillus as Paenibacillus mucilaginosus gum, 98% homology, taxonomy: Bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillales, Paenibacillaceae, Paenibacillus. Silicate bacterium Bacillus subtilis, 98% homology, taxonomy: Bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillales, Bacillaceae, Bacillus。(2) Agents by the fermentation of corn after soybean meal fermentation medium, mixed microbial agents of fermentation products rich in organic acid species, quite different in different organic acid content, a large amount of organic acids. Mixed bacilli of insoluble calcium phosphate and potassium ore powder is better than the continued ability to dissolve silicate original bacilli.(3) Fertilizer reduction by 20% and 40% growth in the latter part of spinach with antimicrobial treatment facilities chlorophyll content (SPAD) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv / Fm) high, which, T-5 handle SPAD is 52.856, T-3 treatment Fv / Fm of 0.797, and is manifested in the growth stage fertilizer (T-1) treatment is higher. Spinach nitrate content in edible part of the control (CK) deal with the lowest, 1 009.21 mg ? kg^-1 add handling of microbial agents were significantly reduced compared with T-1. T-2 is the best Considering N, P, K nutrient absorption and utilization. Rice chlorophyll content (SPAD value), handle different treatment increased and then decreased, its fertilizer increased rapidly, but the short duration of action. And microbial agents continued to play a role for a long time. In the booting stage, polyphenol content was significant difference between different treatments. CK no fertilization is the highest reaching 1.021. While the conventional fertilizer treatment come to 0.837, the lowest. Rice flag leaf length, number of strains tiller, plant height and root length are 20% + reduction of fertilizer agents on the maximum.(4) Reduction in fertilizer processing spinach production in T-1 keeping the same or increased, T-4 having the largest production, comes to 277.73g / pot, an increase of 170%. 20% reduction of fertilizer + bacterium fertilizer reduction of 40% and 40% reduction of fertilizer + agents are the highest rice production, reaching 9 447.00 kg/hm², increased up to 59.1%. Grain weight of CK is the highest. Fertilization are conducive to improving rice comprehensive economic factor. CK treatment is the minimum. 20% reduction in fertilizer + 40% reduction of microbial treatment is the best.(5) In spinach test, the pH of each treatment in addition to T-1 is from 7.25 down to 7.06. The rest of treatment are increased and then decreased, while the overall rice at first and test the soil pH decreased and then increased, agents of fertilizer to avoid use of soil acidification caused a recovery effect. Ec values of Soil were conventional fertilizer> 20% reduction of fertilizer treatment> 40% reduction of fertilizer treatment> no fertilizer (CK). T-1 reached a preliminary, 3.60ms/cm, then remained at 3.20ms/cm high conductivity, much higher than the value of soil suitable Ec. Ec values in paddy soil during rice growth period increased and then decreased again showing an upward trend. Microbial agents conducive to crop harvesting maintain a high soil content of phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Organic matter content of CK treatment is the highest, 95.13g/kg, fertilizer reduction of 20% T-3 treatment for the lowest 42.89g/kg. Fertilizer reduction 40% + agents is the best. And conventional fertilizer treatment (T-1) will result in a slight seasonal decline in soil organic matter content. (6) Spinach soil catalase and high-converting enzyme concentration in the fertilizer, the relative activity will be inhibited microbial agents are lower than the fertilizer treatment. And the Urease activity will be relatively enhanced, maintained at 46.6 mg/100gNH₃ N, while the rest are reduced to a 9.6-11 mg/100gNH₃ N. Late in the test, microbial agents can improve the soil catalase and invertase activities, while the urease activity decreased. Paddy soil urease activity in the rice growing period showed a gradual upward trend, with the rice harvest, when the conventional fertilizer treatment (T-1) is the highest. Throughout the rice growth period, the different treatment of the soil is the overall upward trend in activity. Reduction of fertilizer before the heading stage of rice 20% + agents (T-2) treatment is the highest. Reduction of fertilizer after heading to 40% + bacteria treatment is the highest, T-1 treatment the lowest.(7) Conventional fertilizer treatment (T-1) of the spinach as low microbial richness index, Shannon - Will index (Shannon-Wierner index) 0.398 against 0.498 decreased compared to CK, and application of microbial agents in the treatment range from 0.547 to 0.983. Soil microbial diversity index was significantly increased compared to the best T-3 treatment. After fertilization, paddy soil microbial community structure has significantly changed. Add microbial agents handling a minimum of four similarity coefficient of 0.53, the similarity is higher. Conventional fertilizer treatment resulted in reduction in paddy soil microbial diversity of the population. Agents on the paddy soil microbial richness index of 17, Shannon-Wiener index was 2.33, compared with conventional fertilizer treatment and plant growth hormone treatment is better. The effects of Plant Auxin on soil microbial paddy season is not very obvious.(8) Microbial agents and plant growth hormone were significantly increased rice growth indicators. The effect of Auxin chlorophyll SPAD values and polyphenol content of rice is better than microbial agents. Microbial agents is more conducive to the promotion of rice leaf growth and tillering. Microbial agents treatment has the highest rice production, the microbial agents> auxin treatment> conventional fertilizer treatment, respectively 7869.11kg/hm², 7473.31 kg/hm² and 6471.99 kg/hm². About economic factors on rice, plant growth hormone is the best.