Growth And Quality Characteristics Of11Forage Species(combined) Of Different Seeding Rate On The Alpine Mountains

Aiming at special natural climatic conditions of alpine mountains,11kinds of grass(combination) in different seeding rate were planted, which included6kinds of legume(Gannon No.1alfalfa, Gansu sainfoin, crown vetch, red clover, common vetch, vicia villosa),3kinds of gramineous forage grass (elymus nutans, phleum pratense, oats) and2mixedcombinations (Gannon No.1alfalfa+elymus nutans, Gannon No.1alfalfa+phleumpratense), their phenology, plant height dynamic, tillers (branches) number, plant weight,survival number of grass, the winter survival rate; disease resistance, insect resistance,lodging resistance, aboveground biomass dynamic, absolute growth rate(AGR) dynamic,relative growth rate (RGR)dynamic, fresh to dry dynamic, grass yield, seed yield, stem toleaf dynamic, nutrients dynamic were observed, the growth and quality in the alpinemountains were explored. The results showed as follows:(1)Six kinds of perennial grasses were not complete its life cycle in the planting year,and only stay in the tillers (branches) period, but in the following year, in addition to redclover, all over were able to live through the winter, quickly turned green growth; Growth inthe second year, Gannon No.1alfalfa, Gansu sainfoin, Elymus nutans and timothy cansuccessfully complete its life cycle, and crown vetch and red clover were still not completeits life cycle, crown vetch can reach to the pod period, red clover stayed in the branchingstage. Growth stages of3kinds of annual pasture were basically consistent in differentgrowing years, all over able to quickly complete its life cycle.(2)Height growth of11kinds of forage grass(combinations) was mainly concentratedin the prior; little effect of seeding rate on the plant height, plant height dynamic was similarbetween the seeding rate, the different performances from different forages.(3)Six kinds of perennial grasses in the seeding year growth stage, the grass survivalnumber trended upward with the seeding rate increased, while grass tillers (branches) andplant fresh weight trend contrast.(4)Under natural conditions,six kinds of perennial grasses, the survival winter rate ofred clover was poorer, the other5kinds of grass can safely survive the winter, covering earthcan raise the survival winter rate of all sorts of forage grasses,6kinds of forage grasses can safely survive the winter after covering earth. Little effects of seeding rate on the foragesurvival winter rate.(5)Root biomass of6kinds of perennial grasses were mainly distributed in0~30cmsoil; effects of seeding rate on the six kinds of grass roots was different, in general, effectof seeding rate on the root weight and root to shoot ratio was larger, and less effect on rootlength and root biomass(%)in0~30cm soil.(6)For disease resistance, red clover and oats belonging to the low resistance type,seven kinds of pasture belonging to the high resistance type; For insect resistance, GannonNo.1alfalfa, common vetch and vicia villosa belonging to the low resistance type, other sixkinds of pasture belonging to the high resistance type; crown vetch,common vetch andvicia villosa were identified as the third grade lodging (inclination≥60%), lodgingresistance of other six kinds of forage were stronger.(7)Little effects of seeding rate on fresh to dry ratio, fresh to dry ratio of10kinds offorage (combination), in addition to red clover, showed a downward trend in the secondgrowth year. Fresh to dry ratio of growth stage in the seeding year less than the second cropof grass of growth stage in the second year, but fresh to dry ratio assessed the same trendbetween the different grasses.(8)Eight kinds of perennial grasses (combination), effect of seeding rate on the grassyield in the seeding year was greater than the second year grass yield. Grass yield was lowerin the seeding year, larger effects of the seeding rate.In the second growth year, in addition tored clover, the other grass (combination) can normally grow, and obtained higher forageyield, little effect of the seeding rate. There was no seed formation in six kinds of perennialgrasses in the seeding year; in the second growth year, in addition to crown vetch and redclover, the other forage can produce seeds, seed yield and grain weight were lower, littleeffect of seeding rate.Three kinds of annual pasture can obtain a higher forage yield and seed yield withintwo years, little effect of seeding rate.(9)Effect of seeding rate on seven kinds of perennial grasses (combined) and annualpasture, in addition to red clover, showed different performance in different growth period and stages, which included fresh weight, dry weight of aboveground biomass and absolutegrowth rate (AGR) and relative growth rate (RGR), and large different effect on the differentpasture.The second growth year, in addition to crown vetch and red clover, abovegroundbiomass of the other six kinds of perennial grasses (combined) and oats of flowering-pod(filling) was the highest, and then declined. Aboveground biomass of common vetch, viciavillosa and the second growth crown vetch was the highest in the growth stage.The second growth year, in addition to red clover, the peak period of absolute growthrate (AGR) and relative growth rate (RGR) of the aboveground biomass of the seven kindsof perennial grasses (combined) and three kinds of annual pasture were appeared in beforeand after flowering; Decline and negative time of fresh weight, absolute growth rate (AGR)and relative growth rate (RGR) of aboveground biomass was earlier or consistent than thedry weight.(10)The second growth year, in addition to red clover, stem to leave ratio of5kindsof perennial grasses and oat showed: the fresh stem to leave ratio higher than the dry stemto leave ratio in early, and the ultimately performance showed that dry stem to leave ratiohigher than fresh stem to leave ratio with the forage growth; fresh stem to leave ratio ofcommon vetch and vicia villosa always lower than dry stem to leave ratio; effect of seedingrate on stem to leave ratio showed different performances in different grasses.(11)Effect of seeding rate on the a variety of nutrient content of pasture was little,only showed differences in the individual growth periods. There was a higher nutritionalvalue and lower grass yield of forage, which harvest in the growth stage of seeding year andthe second crop of grass in the growth stage of the second growth year; Nutritional contentdynamic of annual grass and perennial grasses in the second growth year showed that: Withthe extension of the growth period, crude protein and crude ash content decreased, crudefiber content continued to rise, crude fat content trend first decreased and then rise,phosphorus and calcium content showed different performances due to different pasture;Variable quantity of the same nutrient content in the different grass showed differentperformances in different times and the same period. (12)Gansu sainfoin, Gannon No.1alfalfa, crown vetch, elymus nutans and phleumpretense were screened initially, which has higher grass yield, high adaptability, and highnutritional value, suitable planted in alpine mountains, can improved in the degradedgrassland and used in the artificial turf; Oats, common vetch and vicia villosa can be used aspasture grasses of artificial grass planting and stubbles convergence, which has high grassyield and high nutritional value; the winter survival rate and grass yield of red clover werelower in the alpine mountain, it's not recommended for planting in the unprotected case.