Effects Of Sowing Methods And Seeding Rates On Fertility Characteristics,Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat

Wheat is one of the main grain crops in our country,with the increase of population,with the improvement of people's living standard and the change of diet structure,higher requirements are put forward for wheat yield and quality.In order to further tap the wheat production potential and provide more theoretical basis for the high yield and high quality of winter wheat in the Guanzhong region,This research embarks from the actual productionas,use new variety of wheat are examined by the state which named Xinong 20 as the experimental material,sets three different sowing methods including drilling sowing?T?,wide drilling sowing?K?,and dibbling sowing?X?and four different seeding rates including112.5kg·hm^-2?D1?,150 kg·hm^-2?D2?,187.5 kg·hm^-2?D3?,225 kg·hm^-2?D4?.Studied the effects of different sowing methods and seeding rates on agronomic trait,photosynthetic characteristics,filling characteristics,yield and quality of Winter Wheat.The mian results as following:1. In the booting stage,the plant height of dibbling sowing increased by 6.85% compared with the drilling sowing,and the difference was significant.The minimum reduction of area of flag leaves in the whole growth period was 8.52%under wide drilling sowing treatment.Comparison of dibbling sowing with wide drilling sowing and dibbling sowing,the dry matter accumulation increased by 5.42%and 10.06%respectively in the growth period.The plant height of different seeding rate treatments increased first and then decreased with the increase of seeding rate from the anthesis stage to the filling stage,and reached the maximum at D3;The area of flag leaves increased first and then decreased with the increase of seeding rate from the anthesis stage to the filling stage,the maximum value D2 increased by 13.43%and 17.91%respectively from the minimum value D4;The dry matter accumulation decreased with the increase of seeding rate from the anthesis stage to the filling stage,and the treatments of D1,D2 and D3 in the anthesis stage were significantly higher than that of D4.2. The SPAD value of flag leaf was inproved better by dibbling sowing than by drilling sowing during anthesis stage,the decrease of the SPAD value of flag leaf in the whole reproductive period that wide drilling sowing is smaller than drilling sowing and dibbling sowing.The decrease of SPAD value of flag leaf under low seeding rate was smaller in the whole reproductive period.Different sowing methods had no significant effect on the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of flag leaf during the whole growth period.The seeding rate had a significant effect on the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf during the anthesis stage,10 days after anthesis and 20 days after anthesis,the decrease of D1 treatment was smaller than other treatments in the growth period.Wide-width seeding can significantly increase the intercellular CO₂ concentration at 20 days after anthesis,and the intercellular CO₂ concentration decreases with the increase of seeding rate,with a significant difference;The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance under seeding rate treatments at different growth stages showing that the low seeding rate was significantly higher than the large seeding rate.3. Under the sowing method and seeding rate treatments,the 1000-grain weight of winter wheat increased in an"S"pattern,and the grain filling process of wheat was in accordance with the Logistic modle equation.Dibbling sowing can reach the maximum filling rate as soon as possible,while wide drilling sowing is the latest;and the maximum filling rate and the average filling rate were the maximum under dibbling sowing and the wide drilling sowing was the minimum;but the largest duration of filling was the wide drilling sowing and the smallest was dibbling sowing.The maximum filling rate and the average filling rate both decreased with the increase of seeding rate,and the time at which the filling rate reaches its maximum value and the filling duration were shown as:D2>D4>D3>D1.4. Compared with drilling sowing and dibbling sowing,the wide drilling sowing can significantly increase grain yield,with an increase rate of 6.33% and 6.85%,and the yield increases with the increase of seeding rate,reaching the maximum at D4,and the maximum yield at D4K is 23.29%higher than the minimum yield at D1X;with the increase of the seeding rate,the increasing yield of dibbling sowing increased gradually,and higher yield could be obtained at the seeding rate of D4.The effective spike number of wide drilling sowing was increased by 9.09%and 9.11%respectively compared with that of drilling sowing and dibbling sowing;the 1000-kernel weight of dibbling sowing increased by 2.91%and 2.12%compared with that of wide drilling sowing and drilling sowing.The effective spike number of wheat increased with the increase of seeding rate,and D4 increased by7.14%,14.50%and 25.72%compared with D3,D2 and D1,respectively.The maximum number of effective spike number appeared at D4K,which was 42.09%higher than the minimum value of D1X,which was consistent with the response of yield to interactive processing.5. Compared with drilling sowing and wide drilling sowing,the protein content of dibbling sowing was significantly increased by 6.34%and 2.83%,and the albumin,globulin,glutenin and glu/gli ratio were the largest;with the increase of seeding rate,the content of each component of protein increased first and then decreased,and the content of each component and glu/gli ratio reached the maximum at D3.The content of amylopectin,total starch and ratio of Am/Ap were the highest in wide drilling sowing,the second in drilling sowing and the lowest in dibbling sowing;the content of amylopectin and total starch increased first and then decreased with the increase of seeding rate;the content of amylose and ratio of Am/Ap decreased first and then increased with the increase of seeding rate;amylose and ratio of Am/Ap was the largest at D1K,and amylopectin and total starch content were the largest at D3K.The wet gluten,SDS-sedimentation value and extensibility were significantly improved by dibbling sowing compared with drilling sowing,and there was no significant difference in the dough development time and dough development time among the treatments.The wet gluten,SDS-sedimentation value,extensibility,dough development time and dough development time were all reached the maximum at D1,and were significantly higher than other seeding rates.In summary,the grain yield and quality indexes of wheat could reach a relatively ideal level when dibbling sowing and D4 seeding rate were matched in this experiment.