| Using Artemisia scoparia and Artemisia sieverstan as root stocks,'Jinba'as scions, grafted chrysanthemum were created. Productivity, rooting ability and some endogenous physiological changes of cuttings harvested from cutting seedlings and grafted seedlings of cut chrysanthemum were compared. We try to find out that grafting was an effective tool for producing chrysanthemum cuttings with high quality, and extending time of cuttings' collection. The main results were as follows:1. Seven batches of cuttings were collected from stock plant at different time. Yield, length, node number, diameter, fresh weight and dry weight were compared between the cutting seedlings and grafted seedlings. The results showed that, grafting significantly increased the production capacity of cut chrysanthemum cuttings, grafted seedlings had always maintained a high level in yield per plant, the average yield of seven batches of Grafted1 and Grafted2 were 38.57%and 31.45%higher than that of cutting seedlings. Throughout the growing season, the average length of Graftedl was significantly higher than that of cutting seedlings, and the maximum increase of Graftedl was 24.85%higher than cutting seedlings, but the first and second batches of cuttings of Grafted2 were significantly lower than that of cutting seedlings. The mean node number of Grafted1 was significantly higher than that of cutting seedlings, and the greatest increase was 24.66%of cutting seedlings; the mean node number of the seventh Grafted2 was significantly higher than that of cutting seedlings, while the third Grafted2 was significantly lower than that of cutting seedlings. With respect to mean stem diameter, since the third batch, Graftedl were significantly higher than that of Grafted2 and cutting seedlings, while there was no significant difference between Grafted2 and cutting seedlings. Since the third batch, mean fresh weight of Graftedl were significantly higher than that from cutting seedlings, and the highest increase was 49.49%of cutting seedlings; and mean fresh weight of the sixth batch of Grafted2 was significantly higher than cutting seedlings, which was 12.90%higher than cutting seedlings. Mean dry weight of the overall Grafted1 were significantly higher than that of cutting seedlings, in highest increase was 28.78%of cutting seedlings. Mean dry weight of the first and second batches of Grafted2 were significantly lower than cutting, but the sixth batch of Grafted2 was significantly higher than cutting seedlings, whose increase was up to 127.01%of cutting seedlings.2. Three batches of cuttings (Jun.17, Jul.27, Sept.5) were chosen for determination of rooting capaity. The rooting capaity of cuttings from the grafted plants was also improved, three batches of cuttings of Graftedl rooted one day earlier than cutting seedlings. Root maximum length of cuttings from Graftedl was longer than cutting seedlings, while the third batch of Grafted2 was shorter than cutting seedlings. Mean root length of grafted seedlings was mostly higher than that of cutting seedlings, but there was no difference. Mean root diameter in the first and third batches of Graftedl was significantly higher than the cutting, and there was no significant difference between Grafted2 and cutting seedlings. Root mean number of three batches of grafted seedlings was significantly higher than the cutting seedlings, and there was no significant difference between the Graftedl and Grafted2. With respect to root dry weight, three batches of Graftedl and the third batch of Grafted2 were significantly higher than that of cutting seedlings.3. Three batches of cuttings (Jun.17, Jul.27, Sept.5) were sampled for physiological parameters, including soluble protein content, peroxidase (POD) activity, soluble sugar and starch content, total nitrogen, soluble sugar/nitrogen, carbohydrate/nitrogen (C/N), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), IAA/ABA and ABA/GA. Soluble protein content, POD activity, soluble sugar and starch content, soluble sugar/nitrogen, C/N, IAA content, IAA/ABA in Graftedl leaves were significantly higher than that of cutting seedlings, whose largest increases in Graftedl leaves reached 39.4%,24.1%,52.4%,62.8%,61.4%,66.0%,21.2%and 27.5%more than that in cutting seedlings respectively. However, the grafted seedlings had lower total nitrogen content, ABA and GA content in Graftedl leaves, there were no significant differences between Graftedl leaves and cutting leaves in ABA/GA. Soluble protein content, soluble sugar and starch content, soluble sugar/nitrogen, C/N and IAA content in Graftedl stems were significantly higher than that of cutting seedlings, whose largest increases were more modest, up to 25.8%,62.7%,80.7%,102.8%,74.8%and 8.4%of cutting seedlings respectively. Some periods of cuttings in Grafted2 leaves had significantly higher soluble sugar content, starch content, sugar/nitrogen, IAA content and IAA/ABA; also, POD activity, soluble sugar content, sugar/nitrogen, C/N and IAA content in Grafted2 stems cuttings were significantly higher than that of cutting seedlings. There was no significant difference in soluble protein content and ABA/GA between Grafted2 and cutting seedlings.In summary, we have shown that when chrysanthemum scions are grafted onto an A. scoparia rootstock, the resulting plants produce more vigorous cuttings as a result of an altered physiology. The study has thereby validated the idea of using grafting to improve the productivity of cutting production in chrysanthemum. |
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