Effects Of Csn And Exogenous NO On Chrysanthemum Flower Formation And Its Quality

This papar studied the changes of the morphological and physiological indexes of Dendranthema morifolium Tzvel with the cultivar"Chaziyanhong"which sprayed with Compound Sodium Nitrophenolate (CSN) at different concentrations (CSN₄₀₀₀×, CSN₃₀₀₀×and CSN₂₀₀₀×were 4000-fold, 3000-fold and 2000-fold dilutions of 0.7% CSN solution, the distrilled water as control) and the changes of cultivars"Jianliuxiangju"with purple petals and"Jinxingdachen"Which sprayed with Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at different contentrations (SNP₂₀₀, SNP₅₀₀, SNP₁₀₀₀ were 200μmol.L^-1, 500μmol.L^-1 and 1000μmol.L^-1 SNP, the distrilled water as control). The morphological indexes involved the date of bud and flower appearing, the length of bud stage and life of single flower, plant height, plant diameter, the number of leaves, the area of leaves and the diameter of flower were mearsured in seedling stage, bud stage and florescence. Furthermore the physiological indexes involved the content of chlorophyll, the dry weight /fresh weight, the content of sugar, the content of protein, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and Catalase (CAT), and the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated. Moreover, the pictures were taken. The optimal spraying concentration and time for the two regulators would be confirmed. The main results were as follows:1. Exogenous CSN sprayed in seedling stage increased the plant height, the diameter of plant, the number of leaves and the area of a leaf. CSN decreased the content of chlorophyll,the dry weight/fresh weight,the content of soluble sugar and protein(except for the treatment at 2000-foldof 0.7% CSN increased the content of soluble protein ) ; and increased the activities of SOD ,POD and CAT,and decreased the content of MDA of leaves in seedling stage.CSN increased the content of chlorophyll and the dry weight/fresh weight ,and decreased the content of soluble sugar and protein in bud stage and florescence.The flower appearing dates were earlier than the control and the effects were weaker along with the concentrations of CSN decreased. CSN decreased the dry weight/fresh weight, the content of soluble protein, the activities of SOD and POD; and increased the content of Anthocyanin content and the activity of CAT, and decreased the content of MDA. Considered the effects of CSN from earlier flower appearing date(9 days earlier than the control) and not higher plant height, the treatment of CSN at 4000-fold was the best.2. Exogenous SNP sprayed in seedling stage of the chrysanthemum cultivar "jianliuxiangju" with purple petals increased the plant height, and the effects strengthened as the concentrations of SNP increased, and SNP decreased the diameter of plant, the number of leaves and the area of a leaf. SNP increased the content of chlorophyll, the dry weight/fresh weight, the content of soluble sugar and protein in seedling stage; but the four indexes were decreased in bud stage and florescence.SNP delayed the development of green bud. The dates of flower appearing were postponed, and the effects decreased as the concentration of SNP increased. SNP decreased the diameter of flower, the life of single flower, the content of Anthocyanin and soluble protein content, and increased the dry weight /fresh weight and the content of soluble sugar in petals.SNP increased the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, and decreased the content of MDA of leaves in seedling stage.SNP decreased the activities of SOD and POD, but increased the activity of CAT of leaves in florescence.SNP increased the activities of CAT, and decreased the content of MDA. Considered the effects of SNP from flower appearing date (6 days later than the control), the treatment of SNP at 200μmol.L^-1 was the best for florescence postponed.3. Exogenous SNP sprayed in the photoperiodic induction stage of the chrysanthemum cultivar "Jinxingdachen" increased the plant height, the diameter of plant, the number of leaves and the area of a leaf, the diameter of flower and life of single flower. SNP increased the content of chlorophyll, and decreased the contents of soluble sugar in leaves (except that the treatment of SNP at 1000μmol.L^-1 increased the content of soluble sugar in the middle of photoperiodic induction stage). SNP increased the contents of protein in leaves and petals. SNP shortened the development of green bud, and the dates of flower appearing were earlier than the control, and the effects decreased as the concentration of SNP increased. SNP increased the content of chlorophyll and decreased the content of soluble sugar of leaves in florescence.SNP increased the content of soluble protein of leaves and petals in florescence. SNP increased the activity of POD, but decreased the activity of CAT of leaves. SNP increased the activity of POD, and decreased the content of MDA.The treatment of SNP at 1000μmol.L^-1 increased the activity of CAT of petals. Under the condition of acquisition of earlier flower appearing date(5 days earlier than the control), considered the effects of SNP from not higher plant height, thicker stem, larger leaves and flowers, longer life of single flower, the treatment of SNP at 200μmol.L^-1 was the best.4. Exogenous SNP sprayed in the bud stage of the chrysanthemum cultivar "Jinxingdachen" increased the plant height, the area of a leaf, and the diameter of flower, but decreased the diameter of plant and the number of leaves ,furthermore ,the effects of SNP strengthened as the concentration of SNP increased except that was opposite for the diameter of flower. SNP increased the contents of chlorophyll, and decreased the contents of soluble sugar. SNP increased the content of soluble protein of leaves (in the middle and later periods of green bud stage) and petals except for the treatment of SNP at 1000μmol.L^-1 decreased the content of protein in the early and middle periods of green bud stage in leaves.SNP accelerated the development of green bud, and the effects strengthened as the concentration of SNP increased. SNP increased the content of chlorophyll, but decreased the dry weight/fresh weight, the content of soluble sugar and protein of leaves in florescende. SNP increased the dry weight/fresh weight and the content of soluble sugar, and dereased the content of soluble protein.the treatment of SNP 500μmol.L^-1 increased the activity of POD, but decreased the activity of CAT of leaves; the same held for the petals under the treatments of SNP at 200μmol.L^-1 and 500μmol.L^-1.Considered the effects of SNP from earlier flower appearing date (6 days than the control) and larger leaves, the treatment of SNP at 1000μmol.L^-1 was the best.