| The agronomic traits, physiological characters, fruit anatomical structures, etc, and the relationship of various characters were analyzed,with six different hardness tomato cultivars 46,chw, 16, SHD, JL-8 and JL–1 as materials which were cultivated in the field and plastic tunnel.In the field conditions, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content in tomato leaves, fruit hardness and plant height of CHW were higher than that of 46, JL - 1 and JL– 8, and CHW was the thickest peel ply and cutin layer, larger intercellular, oblate fruit shape, the lowest organic acid, the least ventricular numbers; The total soluble solids content, the average weight of single fruit , fruit transverse and vertical diameter and shape index of 46 were higher than that of CHW, JL - 1 and JL - 8, and 46 was the biggest intercellular, thicker outer skin cells, circular fruit. Chlorophyll content, cavity width and peel ply of 46 were lower that of CHW JL - 1 and JL - 8; The fruit hardness, soluble solids content and the shape index of JL - 1 were lower than that of 46, CHW and JL– 8, and JL– 1 was the higher organic acids, the most ventricular, the least intercellular and outer skin cells, oblate fruit; The stem diameter, outer skin cells, peel ply and cutin layer of JL - 8 were the largest, and JL– 8 was smaller intercellular, the lowest height, circular fruit. The correlated analysis of various characters in the four tomato cultivars of 46,chw, JL - 8 and JL - 1, showed that the fruit ventricular number, diameter and the rate of deformity fruit were significantly positive correlated, and the correlated coefficient were 0.91 and 0.89, respectively; And that cutin layer thickness and fruit hardness were significantly positive correlated, and the correlated coefficient was 0.95; And that fruit ventricular number, diameter, organic acid content, fruit hardness and thickness of cuticle layer were of important influence to the formation of deformity fruit.In the plastic tunnel conditions, the yield, the weight of single fruit, the total soluble solids content, deformity fruit rate, stem diameter and intercellular (4.952μm) of 16 were the highest, and 16 was the least fruit hardness, peel ply, outer skin thickness (2.592μm), collenchyma layer (2layers), collenchyma tissue thickness (14.382μm) and breathing strength, closely-arranged and obviously-layered cells of collenchyma tissue, loosely-arranged pulp cells; JL - 1 had the highest soluble sugar, and the ratio of sugar-acid, with pulp cells arranged loosely, larger intercellular (4.832μm), softer fruit, more malformed fruit; SHD, JL– 8 and CHW had no malformed fruit, the fruit hardness of them were significantly higher than JL - 1 and 16; CHW had the maximum of organic acid, respiration, the thickness of parenchyma cells have and plant height, and the minimum of yield and total soluble solids content, with less vascular bundle, larger intercellular (2.338μm); JL–8 had the lowest organic acid ,soluble sugarand and the ratio of sugar-acid , and larger intercellular (2.589μm); SHD had the maximum of hardness, peel ply, outer skin thickness (3.163μm), collenchyma tissue layers (4 layers), collenchyma tissue thickness (26.250μm), vascular bundle and Mpa value of leaf RWC, and the minimum of intercellular (1.156m) and parenchyma cells thickness, PF value of leaf RWC with minimal of collenchyma tissue cells, closely- arranged obviously- layered, small pulp cells and closely-arranged into layers. During the period of fruit storage, there were changes in different degree of each quality. After 10 days fruit storage, JL–8 was the hardnest, followed by CHW and SHD, JL-1 and 16 were the hardless, the respiration intensity and soluble sugar content of the six cultivars were equal. In the whole period of fruit storage, the organic acids content of CHW were the highest, while that of SHD were the lowest; The changes of total soluble solids content in the six cultivars were smaller, and that of 16 was always the highest, which was significantly higher than JL–8 and CHW. There were very significant positive correlation between peel ply, collenchyma tissue thickness, and fruit hardness, and the correlation coefficient were, respectively, 0.97 and 0.93; There were significantly positive correlation between outer skin cells thickness, layers of collenchyma tissue thick, and fruit hardness, and the correlated coefficient were, separately, 0.87 and 0.85; There were significantly negative correlation between intercellular and fruit hardness, and the correlated coefficient was -0.91; There were very significant positive correlation between intercellular and the ratio of deformity fruit, and the correlated coefficient was 0.94; There were very significant negative correlation between outer skin cells thickness and the ratio of deformity fruit, and the correlated coefficient was -0.92; There were significantly negative correlation between peel ply and the ratio of deformity fruit, and the correlated coefficient was -0.85; There were very significant positive correlation between the weight of single fruit and fruit production, and the correlated coefficient was 0.94; There were significantly positive correlation between the Mpa value of leaf RWC and fruit production, and the correlated coefficient was 0.84; There were very significant negative correlation between the thickness of outer skin cells, and fruit production, and the correlated coefficient was -0.96; There were significantly negative correlation between fruit respiration intensity and fruit production, and the correlated coefficient was -0.86. Correlation analysis showed that, in a certain extent, the more the weight of single fruit and the Mpa value of leaf RWC were, the more the production was. The thicker the peel ply, collenchyma tissue and the outer skin cells were, the harder the fruit was, the lower the rate of the deformity fruit was; The larger the intercellular was, the lower the fruit hardness and the more the deformed fruit rate would be.Plant height , stem diameter, the total soluble solids content, fruit transverse, vertical diameter , shape index , fruit weight, deformity fruit rate of CHW,JL-8 and JL-1 cultivated in the plastic tunnel conditions were not positive different with that in the field conditions; But the organic acid of CHW, JL-8 and JL-1 cultivated in the plastic tunnel conditions were positive higher than that in the field conditions; Fruit hardness and the ratio of sugar-acid of CHW, JL-8 and JL-1 cultivated in the field conditions were positive higher than that in the plastic tunnel conditions.The results showed that CHW was the hardnest, no malformed fruit; JL-8 was harder, no malformed fruit; JL-1 was the lowest hardnes, with the highest deformity fruit rate. The results of this research will supply the reference to hard fruit tomato breeding under different cultivation conditions. |
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