Chromosome Location Of Genes For Hardness Locus And Storage Proteins In H. Villosa And Creation The Translocation Lines

Quality improvement is a common one of the main directions of wheat genetic improvement. Grain hardness and endosperm storage proteins were the main genetic factors to determine the processing quality; both were controlled by the major genes. Discovery, identification and aggregation the novel grain hardness and storage protein genes was the main technical means for the wheat quality improvement. Wheat related species with a rich variation for grain hardness genes and storage protein genes, excavation and identification of new genes from them was a method to expand the genetic basis of the wheat quality improvement. Haynaldia villosa (L.) Schur [syn. Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy], (family Poaceae, tribe Triticeae, subtribe Triticineae), (2n=2x=14, VV), an annual diploid grass, is recognized as a species potentially useful for wheat improvement. It possesses high levels of resistance to several important wheat diseases, such as the rusts, powdery mildew and wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV). It also contains genes that can increase the amount of seed storage protein, lysine content and gluten strength. It was the importment genetic resource for wheat protein impropment and with rich the novel HMW glutenin subunit alleles. This study focuses on studying the grain hardness and seed storage protein genes of Haynaldia villosa, The primary goal was to provide the new excellent genetic resources for wheat quality improvement.1 Identification and creation of a T. aestivum-H. villosa T5VS·5DL translocation line and with the soft grain textureThe Hardness locus on the short arm of chromosome 5D is the main determinant of grain texture in bread wheat. The Pina and Pinb genes are tightly linked at this locus, and the soft kernel texture phenotype results when both genes are present and encode the wild-type puroindolines proteins Pina and Pinb. In this study a compensating T5VS·5DL T. aestivum-H. villosa translocation line, NAU415, was characterized by chromosome C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization and molecular markers. Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) analysis and scanning electron microscopy indicated that NAU415 had soft endosperm although it lacked the wheat Pina-Dla and Pinb-Dla genes, suggesting the presence of functional Pin gene orthologs on chromosome 5VS. Using a PCR approach, Pina-related (designated Dina) and Pinb-related(Dinb) genes in H. villosa and NAU415 were identified and sequenced. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences showed close similarities to the wild-type puroindolines of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. The tryptophan-rich regions of both Dina and Dinb showed a sequence change from lysine-42 to arginine, a feature that may have an effect on grain texture. The potential of T5VS·5DL translocation line as a source of genes that may be used for modulation of endosperm texture and other valuable traits in wheat breeding is discussed.2 Chromosome location for seed storage protein genes in H. villosa and creation the translocation linesSeed storage protein was one of the main factors to determining the wheat flour quality, glutenin and gliadin were decided dough elasticity and extensibility, respectively. The HMW glutenins are relatively minor components in terms of quantity, but they are major determinants of gluten elasticity through promoting the formation of larger glutenin polymers and thus are key factors for bread-making. Three seed storage protein locus which were Glu-V1, Glu-V3 and Gli-V1 located on the chromosome 1V in H.villosa. The research showed that, they could significantly improve the dough quality in wheat background. To transfer and utilize the seed storage protein genes in 1V chromosome of H. villosa, Triticum durum-H.villosa amphiploid were irradiated by 60Co-γand was crossed to Chinese Spring. Their hybrids were also backcrossed with Chinese Spring. Chromosome C-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization, high molecular weight glutenin subunits combined with molecular marker analysis was applied to detect 1V chromosome and its structure aberrance chromosomes in wheat background. Five variants with chromosome structure change of 1V were identified in BC4F2, including T. aestivum-H. Villosa entire arm homozygous translocation lines 1VS/W (NAU416) and 1VL/W (NAU417), apical translocation line 1VL/W-W (NAU418), monotelosomic line 1VS and ditelosomic addition line 1VL. The seed storage protein identification by SDS-PAGE showed that the Glu-V1, Glu-V3 and Gli-V1 locals were all located on the chromosome 1V fragment which homozygous translocation line NAU416 contained. It was possibly that the Glu-V1, Glu-V3 and Gli-V1 locals were all located on the chromosome 1VS. The quality analysis showed that the translocation line NAU416 were significantly higher than the background parent Chinese Spring in grain protein content, whole wheat flour wet gluten content, dry gluten content, gluten index and Zeleny sedimentation value. It indicated that Glu-V1, Glu-V3 and Gli-V1 storage protein loci genes of H. villosa into common wheat background can significantly increase the total protein content and gluten quality. T. aestivum-H. villosa entire arm homozygous translocation line 1VS/W (NAU416) can be used to improve the bread quality of wheat. Except for the seed storage protein genes, the rust resistance genes were also located on the chromosome IV, so the translocation lines NAU416, NAU417 and NAU418 can be further used for rust genes location.