| ObjectiveTo explore characteristics of cerebral functional area enhancement of internet gaming addicts in adolescents by using resting state BOLD-fMRI technique under fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) analysis.Materials and MethodsSubjects in our present study were divided into two groups: 17 subjects in the addiction group, including 15 male and 2 female; and 19 subjects in the control group, including 17 male and 2 female. Both Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire(IADQ) and Signs of Internet Addiction(SIA) from Dr Kimberly Young, and Diagnostic Questionnaire on Internet Gaming(DQIG) from Tejeiro and Moran were applied as Diagnostic criteria of internet gaming addiction. For the addiction group, the diagnosis was established when"yes"answers were more than 5 of IADQ, SIA scored 80-100 and DQIG scored 8-9. For the control group,"yes"answers in IADQ were less than 4, SIA scored 0-20 and DQIG scored 0-3. Functional MRI study were conducted on the subjects with a whole-body MRI system of GE1.5T Signa (Twin-speed ExciteⅡ) scanner with a 8-channel head orthogonal coil under resting state conditions. Data preprocessing, statistical analysis and results demonstration were performed using statistics parameter mapping (SPM5) package, REST package and DPARSF package. Preprocessing of the fMRI data include time rectification within the slice, motion correction, spatial standardization and data smoothing. Data were eliminated according criteria as follows:①Contraindications of MRI scan, such as metal foreign body, subjects suffering from claustrophobia, et al;②Pathological changes found during routine MRI scan or the trial could not be finished because of the subjects'noncooperation;③Head displacement distance was more than 1mm or rotation more than 1°in any direction of 3D space when detected by motion correction. Analysis within group was conducted with independent-sample t-test in basic mode of SPM5, the resting state mean activation images were acquired in the control and addiction group respectively. Two sample t-test was applied to get discrepancy images between the two groups under resting state conditions.Results1. Activated brain areas under resting state condition in the control group included bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC),bilateral medial part of prefrontal cortex (MPFC), bilateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC), posterior cingulated cortex(PCC), bilateral occipital lobes, and bilateral cerebellum.2. Activated brain areas under resting state condition in the addiction group included bilateral DLPFC, left VLPFC, bilateral MPFC; bilateral PPC, bilateral PCC, bilateral precuneus, left temporal lobes, and bilateral occipital lobes.3. Comparing with the control group, bilateral DLPFC, right MPFC, right anterior part of cingulate gyrus (ACC), bilateral PCC, left limbic lobes, right hippocampus, and right temporal lobes showed increased activation in the addiction group under resting state condition.4. Comparing with the control group, decreased activation was found in right temporal lobes, bilateral occipital lobes, right thalamus, right splenium of corpus callosum and of bilateral cerebellum in the addiction group under resting state condition.Conclusions1. Results of this fMRI study had shown activated brain areas relevant to the default mode network (DMN) both in control and addiction groups.2. Different intensified brain areas and intensity of activation were founded between the control and addiction groups. The results of this study suggested that internet gaming addiction may have changed the default network of brain function, and such changes might be neural basis of behavioral problems in adolescent internet gaming addicts.3. The dominant structure of addiction rewarding pathway-the mesolimbic dopamine system (MLDS) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate nucleus, striatum and other parts of the internet gaming addiction group showed no activation, presuming that the neural basis of internet gaming addiction may be different from that of substance addiction and non-substance addiction. |
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