Study On Novel Production Processes And Composition Analysis Of Ziziphi Spinosi Semen

Several production technologies were performed to extract and purify the two kinds of effective ingredinents, including fat-soluble and water-soluble ingredients from ziziphi spinosi semen (ZSS), and their respective processes were optimized to acquire the best result. In addition, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of ZSS oil, as well as the content of ZSS saponin, were analyzed respectively, so that the Chinese traditional medicine ZSS could be developed much more sufficient.The fatty oil of ZSS was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and four effective parameters, including pressure, temperature, extraction time and particle size, were investigated using signle factor experiment design and orthogonal test design successively. The optimized SFE conditions were established as follows:particle size 60 mesh, pressure 30 MPa, temperature 45℃and extraction time 100 min, under which the extraction ratio of ZSS oil reached up to about 31.1%. Furthermore, the ZSS oil obtained by SFE was characterized in terms of chemical composition (fatty acid compostion and unsaponifiable comtituents) and physicochemical properties (acid value, iodine value, saponification value, ester value and peroxide value), so that support was provided for its quality evaluation and efficacy research.The ZSS Saponin was extracted by countercurrent extraction technology for the first time in this study. The effect of process parameters (solvents, temperature and extraction time) were investigated according to the orthogonal test design. As a result, the optimized extraction conditions were found to be:extraction solvent (70% ethanol), solvent amount (8 mL/g), temperature (70℃) and extraction time (30 min), under which the extraction ratio reached up to about 0.901 mg/g. Compared with conventional solvent extraction technology in various aspects, the advantages of countcurrent extraction technology were displayed once more.Purification of saponins from ZSS with D-101 macroporous resin was explored in this study. In order to optimize the purification process, the influence of parameters including absorption and elution velocity, variety and dosage of eluent was investigated according to the content of jujuboside A and B determined by HPLC-ELSD. The optimum conditions were determined as follows:the absorption velocity was 8 BV/h, the elution velocity was 4 BV/h and both volumes of the water and 70% ethanol eluent were 3 BV. Under such conditions, the elution ratios could reach as much as 90%, the refined ratios more than 650% and the content of jujuboside A and B in products more than 7.3%. The experimental results suggested the industrial prospect of this method on purifying saponins of semen ziziphi spinosae efficiently.Full-scale researches about the fatty oil and saponins of ZSS were performed in this study. In the aspect of practical production, several extraction or purification conditions were explored and optimized. In the aspect of theoretical research, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of ZSS oil was analyzed, as well as the content of ZSS saponins was determined. From the study, the production paramters and the theoretical basis were supplied to exploit the Chinese traditional medicine ZSS comperehensively.