| Objective The childhood was the booming period of growth, the level of children's growth had a very closely relationship with the nutrition condition. Thus, in order to promote children to have a better growth, to ensure children to be grown up more healthily, the research of relationship between dietary in childhood and the childrens'growth was of great concern. The nutrition condition was very important in childhood, those children with malnutrition had a bad resistance to diseases, malnutrition affects not only childrens'phisical growth, but also childrens'brain growth as well as their intelligence growth. To acquaint the nutrition level and phisical growth condition of those childrens in Tang Shan city and analyse their dietary factors, intake level from kinds of food, dietary behaviour and nurtrition intake level to research the relationship between kinds of dietary factors and school children growth,a rational nutrition for children, and provide reference for a healthy growth.Methods 2115 school-age children, grade 1 to 6 ,were selected from four elementary schools in Lubei District and Lunan District of Tang Shan City. After parents'consent,dietary survey,physical examination, and ultrasonic bone mineral density admeasurements were examined, resulting in 2046 qualified children whose questionnaires met the standard of the study.General survey: including the general conditions and related factors in bone development and dietary behavior survey.Dietary survey: 5-day Food Weighted Record and Food Frequency Questionnaire and dietary behavior were filled out by parents, and re-enforced after verification.Physical examination: The object's height, weight were measured and calculated the evaluation of physical development of the Rohrer index.Bone mineral density: Bone mineral density admeasurements were determined on the calcaneus of right foot, using the CM-100 detector, at 18 ℃―20℃temperature in room and in a quiet determination.Adopt SPSS sofware (v13.0) to process statistic analysis. Statistic decribed school childrens'sex and age distribution; Statistic described school childrens'height and weight condition; Statistic described school childrens'Rohrer Index and ultrasonic bone density SOS distribution condition; Statistic describe school childrens'intake condition of kinds of food and nutrition as well as dietary behavior; Single factor analyse dietary factors about school childrens'grwoth; Multivariate analyse dietary factors about school childrens'growth. Doing covariances analysis on the food and nutrition which affected school childrens'growth confirmed by multivariate analyse, to confirm proper food and nutrition intake level.Results1 The age, sex and growth and development distributed state of school-age children.There were 2046 children aged 6 to 13 in the survey, respectively accounting for 52.7% and 47.3% of the total. There was no significant difference in height and weight of different gender.And the school-age children's growth of height and weight were increased with age,12-13 age group's increase was particularly prominent.Different genders of all ages'height and weight were in the reference value. The physical development of school-age children was evaluated by Rohrer index. The physical development of children accounted for 57.4% moderate, 18.9% underweight, overweight accounted for 23.7%.2 The value of SOS for ultrasonic bone mineral density distributed state of school-aged childrenThe value of SOS for school-age children was 1530.2±21.0(m/s) respectively,the mean difference was not significant. Children of 6 years old have the highest SOS value, but SOS value decressed with age, when it reaches 9 years old, the SOS value downs to the lowest point of the primary school stage, during 10 to 13 years old, SOS value has a slight rise, P<0.05. There was no significant difference in value of SOS for ultrasonic bone mineral density between different genders. And the value of SOS for ultrasonic bone mineral density in school-aged children shows normal distribution, the value of SOS for ultrasonic bone mineral density which is in the range of 1500-1560m/s presents in the largest amounts, the percentage is between 19.9% to 37.6%. Meanwhile, density which is in the range of 1480-1500m/s and 1560-1610m/s presents in a smaller amounts, the percentage is between 2.3% to 8.4%.3 The intake and composition of various types of foodDietary composition:Cereals accounted for 20.9%, fruits 20.5%, vegetables 20.8%, eggs 2.2%, fish and shrimp accounted for 2.1%, poultry meat accounted for 7.4%, soybeans and nuts accounted for 2.8%, dairy products 10.4%, and snacks accounted for 13.1%.All ages of children's intake of grains, meat and fruit were higher than recommended dietary intake of the pagoda. All ages'intake of aquatic products, milk and dairy products were lower than the recommended dietary intake of the pagoda. Children of 6 years old group's intake of eggs did not meet the dietary pagoda recommended intake. The intake of vegetables did not meet the recommended dietary intake of the pagoda except 10-year-old and 11-year-old group of boys. 8 years old, 9-year-old group of boys'intake of nuts, soy did not meet the recommended dietary intake of the pagoda.4 Energy and nutrient intake of school-age childrenThe percentage of various dietary ingredients to provide energy: protein 13.5%, fat 34.2%, carbohydrate 52.3%.The average of protein, dietary fiber, total cholesterol intakes in every age-group respectively was 73.1g,11.3g,54.3g. There was no significant difference in protein, dietary fiber, total cholesterol intakes between different genders.The average intake of protein was only 6 years old group and 12-13-age higher than RNI. And dietary fiber and total cholesterol in each age-group the average intake was higher than the recommended intake. The average daily intake of vitamins: vitamin A 496.7μgRE, vitamin E 19.4mg, vitaminB1 0.9mg, vitamin B2 1.1mg, vitaminC 90.1mg, vitamin PP 15.7 mgNE. There was no significant difference in vitamins intakes between different genders. The average of vitamin A intakes was all lower than RNI. As for vitamin B1,the average in 9 years old, 11 years old and 12-13 age group vitamin B1 was lower than RNI.The rest vitamins intakes are all higher than RNI or AI.The average daily intake of minerals: calcium 421.5mg, phosphorus 965mg ,potassium 1723mg ,Sodium 1984.3mg, magnesium 362.3mg, iron 20.2mg, Zinc 10.1 mg, selenium 55.6mg, copper 2.5mg. There was no significant difference in minerals intakes between different genders.And the average of calcium intakes is all lower than AI. And the average of zinc intakes is all lower than RNI. The rest minerals intakes are all higher than RNI or AI.5 Dietary behavior of school-age childrenPercentage of school-age children of various dietary behavior: a partial eclipse habits picky eaters 35.6%, eat breakfast 97.2% ,on time eating 96.0%, with snacks 24.2%, coffee drinkers was 20.0%, frequently drinking carbonated beverages accounted for 23.2%,taking health care products accounted for 12.8%, below 10 types of food account for 90.6%,10-15 species accounted for 4.3%, and more than 15 accounted for 5.1%, three meals are mainly arranged by parent, then by the aged, otherwise by refectory.Percentage of school-age children of various dietary behavior of each age groups were analyzed by analysis of variance. Picky eaters eclipse habits is different (P <0.05). And 8 age and 11 age group's percentage is higher than other age groups. A regular habit of drinking coffee is different (P <0.05),of which 6 years and 12-13 age group the percentage is higher than other age groups. A regular habit of drinking carbonated drinks is different (P <0.05), of which 6 age 12-13 age group the percentage is higher than other age groups. The percentage of other dietary behavior have no significant difference.6 The value of physical growth and development related dietary factors are analyzed in school-age children.The distribution of Rohrer index related dietary factors are analyzed in school-age children: In school age time, the distribution of Rohrer Index of school-age children who have not monophagism, dining on time were higher than the contrary.The level of the distribution of Rohrer Index has a positive relationship with the foods intake and the nutrients,such as pasta, meat, eggs, milk and dairy products, beans and soy products, energy, protein, carbohydrates, phosphorus, sodium, zinc, selenium, copper(P<0.05).The value of SOS for ultrasonic bone mineral density related dietary factors are analyzed in school-age children: In school age time, the bone density of school-age children who not monophagism and regular consumption of carbonated drinks were higher than the contrary . The level of the pupils'ultrasonic bone mineral density has a positive relationship with the foods intake and the nutrients,such as rice ,pasta,eggs,seafood, milk, beans and soy products,leafy vegetables,protein,fat, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, selenium(P<0.05).7 The dietary factors for physical growth and development of school-age children were analysed on the multi-factor.After the logistic regression and multi-dimensional linear stepwise regression analysis, the dietary factors influenced Rohrer index of school-age children from large to small were milk and dairy products intake, pasta intake, picky eaters eclipse,and their's standardization regression coefficient are 0.245, 0.039, 0.031; The dietary factors influenced SOS of school-age children from large to small were often drink carbonated drinks, soy intake. milk and dairy products intake, phosphorus intake, calcium intake, pasta intake, leafy vegetables intake, and their's standardization regression coefficient are -0.246, 0.099, 0.039, -0.015, 0.014, 0.009, 0.002. 8 The effect of different intake levels of types of food and nutrients on SOS of school-age childrenWhen the pasta's intake level was lower than 200g, the SOS value starts to be lower than the normal value; When its intake level was higher than 200g, the SOS value reached the normal value.When the soy products' intake level was lower than 25g or higher than 100g, the SOS value was lower than the normal value; When theirs intake level was between 25g and 50g, the SOS value reached the normal value, when theirs intake level was between 50g and 100g, the SOS value was higher than the normal value.When the milk and dairy products' intake level was lower than 200g, the SOS value starts to be lower than the normal value ; When theirs intake level was higher than 200g, the SOS value reached the normal value.When the leafy vegetables' intake level was lower than 50g or higher than 125g, the SOS value was lower than the normal value; when theirs intake level was between 75g and 125g, the SOS value reached the normal value; When theirs intake level was between 50g and 75g, the SOS value was higher than the normal value.When the calcium's intake level was lower than 50%RNI, the SOS value starts to be lower than the normal value; When its intake level was between 50%RNI and 150%RNI, the SOS value reached the normal value, when its intake level was higher than 150%RNI, the SOS value was higher than the normal value.When the phosphorus's intake level was lower than 50%RNI or higher than 150%RNI, the SOS value starts to be lower than the normal value; When its intake level was between 50%RNI and 150%RNI, the SOS value reached the normal value.ConclusionThe physical development of children accounted for 57.4% moderate, 18.9% underweight, overweight accounted for 23.7%. Children of 6 years old have the highest SOS value, but SOS value decressed with age, when reached 9 years old, the SOS value downs to the lowest point of the primary school stage, during 10 to 13 years old, SOS value had a slight rise.All ages'intake of vegetables, nuts, soy,aquatic products,eggs,milk and dairy products were lower than the recommended dietary intake of the pagoda.And children's intake of grains, meat and fruit were higher than recommended dietary intake of the pagoda.The average of vitamin A, vitamin B1, calcium and zinc intakes are all lower than RNI or AI. The rest nutrients intakes are all higher than RNI or AI.There were some dietary factors affect the Rohrer index of school-age children,such as monophagism,the intake of protein,milk and dairy products, and pasta.There were some dietary factors affect the SOS of school-age children,such as always drink carbonated beverages,and the intake of protein, eggs, milk and dairy products, phosphorus, calcium, pasta, leafy vegetables.When the intake of pasta was higher than 200g, and the intake of soy products in 25-50g/d,and milk and dairy products was higher than 200g/d, and the intake of leafy vegetables in 50-75g/d, and the level of calcium intake was higher than 50% RNI, and the level of phosphorus intake was 50% RNI-150% RNI, the SOS value reached the normal value. When the intake of soy products in 50-100g/d,and leafy vegetables in 50-75g/d, and the level of calcium intake was in 150% RNI-200%RNI, the SOS value was higher than the normal value. |
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