Russian Aristocrat And Local Institutions Reform During The Mid 19^th Century-20^th Century

The local organization reform in 18th century established two level management systems--province and county management in Russia, it not only improved local agencies, strengthened the central government to local management, but also improved the nobility's statues in local management. The reform of abolishing serfdom is the milestone in the transformation of Russia society, the aristocracy began to change into class society, and the transformation process was extremely complicated. The local autonomy institution reform in 1864 not only solved the problem of how to supervise the local government after the liberation of serfs, but also provided development space for Russian aristocracy in the social transformation. A lot of aristocracy, returned to local government, not only promoted the Russian agriculture, education, culture, public health, but also maintained the local society's stability in quite a long time. For special geopolitics, Russia aristocrat's right has close relationship with serving for the country, has nothing to do with land, this contravention was so obvious in the mid 19th century .The abolishment of serfs had brought huge shock to aristocrat, politically, the aristocrat's privilege began to lose, aristocracy became divided rapidly,they couldn't serve for the country in the former way;economically, the privilege based on the serving not land, with the influence of price revolution, they undersell a lot of land. They had to face the difficulty of how to live after the lost of serfs and land. The landed nobility not only participated in the management of local farmers, but also participate in affairs of the local self-government agency management. In local autonomy organizations, chief noble , as the leader and spokesman of the interests of nobility, just a tool to help the government supervise the local affairs. This literary identity that determines the noble in social development, on the one hand, they sought to participate in local management to get the loss in the reform, and maintain the original level privilege; on the other hand, as the appendix of central government, they were working for promoting the modernization of Russian. This paper attempts to study the complicated and contradiction in the late Russia through the role of the aristocratic in local autonomy institution in the development of social transformation.