The Czarist Russian Government’s Response To The Reduction Of Aristocratic Estate(1881-1904)

The noble rank of Russia was always regarded as the pillar of dictatorship of the czars, which played a dominant role in Russia’s political, economic and social life.After abolition of slavery in 1861, the noble estate shrank continuously. What’s worse,the aristocratic landowners seriously declined in both economic and political status,and the imperial power was severely affected. From the early 1880 s to the early 20 th century, facing the serious reduction of aristocratic estates, Alexander III of Russia and Nicholas II made a series of efforts in order to consolidate the aristocratic estates and its ruling foundation. This paper will fully discuss on tow important issues: the reduction of aristocratic estates after serf system reform in 1861 and the following measures token by the czar government during 1880 s and the early 20 th century.The paper is composed of five chapters, and main contents of each chapter are as follows:The first chapter mainly introduces the causes and meaning of the study, the research status both at home and abroad, the methods, the idea of writing and its innovation and deficiency.The second chapter mainly introduces the reduction of aristocratic estates after reform. Basically, due to such reasons as the insufficient funds of the noble landlords,debt burden and agricultural workers commission burden,the fast reduction of the aristocratic estates,the evolution of aristocratic estates’ management pattern which changed from the feudal serf system type to capitalism and the noble landlords’ enterprises. This chapter is mainly aimed at putting forward questions and having a great knowledge of the problem so as to lay foundation for the next chapter, in which it will discuss the czar government measures for this problem.The third chapter mainly introduces the overall development of Russia’s political life after the reform of Russian serf system and the right shift of interior orientation of czar government since 1880 s. Life after the great reform was full ofcontradiction, complexity. Alexander III and his son Nicholas II was faced with increasingly ruling crisis so they took the solution of the problems of the noble as a center of internal affairs. Of all the problems the land estate of the noble was on the top priority. In order to get a deeper recognition of the policy on this issue we will expound the political background of this period.The fourth and fifth chapter is the main body of this passage which gave us a detailed introduction of various measures the czar government has taken to safeguard the real estate of the noble from 1880 s to the early 20 th century. The policies can be defined into two kinds: one of which was measure for stable aristocratic estates and the other was credit measures. This part will introduce the making process of various policies, their details and the results.And the last chapter is the conclusion part. It summarizes the political life of Russia after the serf system reform and the Internal affairs principle of czar government during 1880 s and the early 20 th century along with the fast reduction of the aristocratic estates and the evolution of aristocratic estates’ management pattern which changed from the feudal serf system type to capitalism and the noble landlords’ enterprises. It also discusses the various measures of the czar government for the consolidation of noble state, obtaining the reason for the failure that its fruitless conflicting commands were contradicted against the new established social and economic order after the big reform. It is pointed out that the objective law of the social and economic development must be adapted to the economic development of the authoritarian regime, which is just a failed behavior of these historical retrogression on the aspect of saving noble state and thus concludes the sublimes the theme of thesis.