Research The Source Of Using "Poem" In "Zuo Zhuan"

"Poem" has multi-meanings in the ancient books and records of Pre-qin.1, It is one kind of "song" that has the religious and solemn nature as the original noumenon "poem", it is a kind of tool through which the clergy can communicate with deity and predict good or ill luck, is also a kind of "etiquette and holy phrase" to express pious "will" to god declaring loyalty in order to pray good luck and ward off disasters, is a kind of media tool loading and bearing the inner thoughts and feelings too. The nature of poem is to express "will", its "will" wants to build the harmonious atmosphere to communicate between human being and god cooperating with dance with music accompaniment, in order to finally achieve "harmony between human being and god ". "Poem" is also a kind of tool which can communicate with the god, but poetry express will", those are activities closely relating with religious ceremony for offering sacrifices.2, "poem" and "book" is consistent as a kind of cultural category or literature concept, those are the two big type of writing or in the remarks of the gentleman and saints spreading in the world. And the different between "poem" and "book" is one is writing words and things as "will" through the form of rhyme, another is is writing people and things as "will" through the form of prose, and both have the effectiveness of advising the Kings in order to obey the "will" of god, in other word, "poem" is one form of records and singing for people and things occurred in the past in the eyes of the ancients before spring and autumn.3, from the process of accepting of "The Book of Songs", the connotation of "poems" in the eyes of ancients is more wider than today's "The Book of Songs" (especially during the spring and autumn and before"), includes the so-called "Fu" and "Bi" and "Xing", its usage is also widely, various large ceremonies both cannot lack "poem". But as the oldest selections of poetry, "The Book of Songs" is the ancient "poems" text after repeatedly deleted after editing, and the ancient "poems" is not today's "The Book of Songs" at all, there is a tremendous difference between the ancient "poems" and "The Book of Songs". So "poems" in the ancient books and records of Pre-qin including Zuo Zhuan is different from the "book", and at the same time, connecting with "song" and "ballad" and "proverb" etc, and originating from a style of rhyme of religious ceremonies.Song, poem, ballad, there have subtle changing relations:Song is the "headstream" or "total name" of poem and ballad, "The Book of Songs" is "synthesizer" of various form of rhyme including ancient ballad and proverb and so on, is escalation of such folk art form as ballad and proverb and so on, covers all aspects of their characteristics, is the embodiment of ancient civilization. Song is a kind of the general term of old "singing" behavior, is also a kind of unique original style of rhyme, those are style of rhymes of "poem" or former "poem" including elegiac address and verse and inscription and The Songs of The Four Sons contained in Shang Shu by ancient style similar to poem. The original "song" is not only the "total name" of all kinds of ancient style of rhymes, but also the original shape and prime appellation of style of rhyme including poem and ballad and proverb, it is a kind of religious elegiac address through which the clergy can communicate with deity. The original song is original "poem" (the original "Jiu Ge"), poem and ballad are both derived from song, ballad is spoken language not putting into music, not into the text in folk circulating. it is just song different from song with music, is a kind of folk style of language similar to song; Instead, "poem" is the elegant "song", is the inheritance and transformation of song, "The Book of Songs" retains more ancient song features, especially paean among it, "song" "poem" are both song with music, their function includes "saying forever" and "expressing will", "proverb" is a kind of spirited mot from various style of rhymes directly taking or indirectly including songs and poems and ballads and inscriptions, or other style of non-rhymes in all periods of people, most have rhyme, so can regard as dependencies of songs or poems. But writing song, poem, ballad as style of language is actually just different appellation to the same style of rhyme in different historical periods.From the specific acceptable perspective, the use of poems and songs in Zuo Zhuan cover various forms includes song, ode and recite,but not but not any "quoting" form to "taking righteousness in order to realize will, and though proverbs are only some words about realizing the will of sages and men of virtue, but highlights function of taking righteousness in order to realize will. But the use of poems in ancient books and records of pre-qin such as Zuo zhuan can just be divided into four categories:1, song, usually only used in the large banquet, and by professional musicians; 2, ode, is a kind of somewhat means its form is somewhat free about expressing meanings by itself, the place of perform that is not so strict than song, but requires the writer having more understanding about the meaning of ode; 3, recite, often parodies and advises guests through the meaning of recite, also usually recited by musicians, and rarely used; 4, quoting poem, is a kind of a unique used poems behavior that quote some sentence from The Book of Songs (especially some words) to demonstrate their views or enhance their intention of expressing in speaking. Ode is most close to the expressing form of ancient song, recite can most behave the purpose of parodying of song, it is only song that huge changes the form of the ancient song and poem. This explains there is a bond between various acceptable behavior including the use of song and ode and poem and recite and quoting and the ancient song and ballad and proverb:all kinds of the spirit of Xiao Xue and the use of context including poem and diction and song and ballad and proverb works together to build a kind context of ideology and way of thinking poem,--namely original semantic field, all actions of the use of poem are in the original semantic field of "poem", so let the use of the style of rhyme including "poem" has the nature of code and even. On the one hand, "the ancient song" is the talent or divine "song of god " as an original poem, on the other hand, the song of creation and transmission and avocation by the sages and men of virtue is a kind of man-made "holy words", "authority" and "sanctity" constitute a kind of original semantic field of ancient songs and poems and ballads and proverbs in the beginning of appearing, this kind of original semantic field makes common" poem and song and ballad and proverb" having sacred coat, with consensus and solemn, then internalizes religious acceptable thinking mode similar to primitive religion and has the specific performance in the "poem" including the four applied behavior in the above.