Xi'an, Changsha, Wenzhou Dialect Vowel Experimental Study

In this paper, the vowels of Xi'an dialect,Changsha dialect and Wenzhou dialect is the research object. Xi'an dialect is Zhongyuan Mandarin dialect of Northern,There are 9 simple vowels,14 diphthongs,7 combinations of vowels and consonants, and 8 nasal vowels.Changsha dialect is Changyi dialect of Xiangyu, There are 7 simple vowels,17 diphthongs,8 combinations of vowels and consonants, and 4 nasal vowels. Wenzhou dialect is Oujiang dialect of Wuyu,There are 10 simple vowels,15 diphthongs,and 6 combinations of vowels and consonants.In this paper,we mainly research vowels of Xi'an, Changsha, Wenzhou,including all vowels and all the different speech variants of the environment. We will do orientation for simple vowels,and will do comparative study for the vowels of the Cross-Sound System,measure different dialect vowel systems,compare the similarities and differences of the vowel system of Chinese major dialects.we want to explore the pecific methods and models that can be used to experimental study of Chinese dialects vowels and experimental comparison study.This experiment will use the software Praat 5.1.43 to get the simple vowel, Diphthongs, combinations of vowels and consonants and nasal vowels' F1 and F2 index.According to the data,calculate the dispersion of vowels under different voice. Then software Matlab6.5 will be used to write a program to paint the acoustics chart of vowel from different dialect points.By comparing F1,F2 data and dispersion of the dialect vowel,observing sonogram and acoustic vowel chart, We will summarize the voice features of vowels in the different speech environment in Xi'an, Changsha, Wenzhou dialect points.And do standardized treatment to F1,F2 data of pole vowel in the three dialect points,and make the acoustic pattern map.With the research of the other two students, make the acoustic pattern map of 9 dialect points.By observing acoustic comparison chart of vowels that the three dielects and Mandarin have and acoustic diagram of simple vowels,analysis F1,F2 data of simple vowels in Xi'an,Changsha and Wenzhou dielects.The main conclusions are as follows,(1)Xi'an dialect has 8 simple vowels,α,γ,ε,i,u,y,ι,ιby analysising the vowel "o'" s dispersion, and combined sense of hearing,the character which originally read this sound manifests in the form of diphthongs now,sound like uo;the tongue ofεis higher, the tongue ofγis low. (2)Changsha dialect has 7 simple vowels,were a,o,(?),i,u,y,ι.The sound acoustic map of Changsha dialect's simple vowels shows longer; compared to Mandarin,the tongue of i,y is higher, a,o,u,ιis lower; compared to o and u, the tongue of o is higher,the tongue of a is after relatively.(3) Wenzhou dialect has 10 simple vowels,were a,o,e,(?),ε,(?),i,u,y,ι.the tongue ofε,e,(?) is closed to the middle position; the tongue of a is a little bit low,lower than the middle position; the tongue of o is higer and after than u,and the lip is not round in the pronunciation curse of u.Compare F1,F2 data of diphthongs with simple vowels,explore the acoustic characteristics in different locations and acoustic changes,in addition, analysis the causes of this change.Compare the F1,F2 data of vowel followed by a nasal consonant with corresponding simple vowel.exploring the effects of vowel ending.The main conclusions are as follows,the teiminal vowel in the final do a greater influence on the main vowel than head vowel, the teiminal vowel in the final can affect the sound of vowels, but there is not clear discipline.By observing the acoustics diagram and sonogram of nasalized vowels in Xi'an and Changsha dialect.Combined with F1,F2 data. The main conclusions are as follows, sonogram of nasalized vowels in Xi'an and Changsha is different.the intensity of sound of Xi'an and Changsha's nasalized vowels is different.Use the dispersion to analysis the vowel in different voice environment, The main conclusions are as follows,(1)The vowel sound of simple vowels in the three diatlects is stable entirely;(2) the ending vowel of diphthongs is more easily differentiated.(3)Vowels stability of vowel followed by a nasal consonant is no law.On the basis of the above analysis of vowels, The main conclusions are as follows,(1) Xi'an dialect has 10 phonemes, Changsha dialect has 8 phonemes, Wenzhou dialect has 12 phonemes.(2)The three dialects have 5 same phonemes,were i,u,a,y,ι, the three dialects also have 5 same combinations of vowels and consonants and diphthongs,were iα,uα,ei,αu,iαu. (3) Wenzhou dialect rerve n and (?) simultaneously, Xi'an dialect merely rerve (?), Changsha dialect merely rerve n. (4) Xi'an dialect has 8 nasalized vowels, Changsha dialect has 4 nasalized vowels, Wenzhou dialect does not have nasalized vowels.Apply the program of Matlab to do standardized treatment for the pole vowels of the three dialects.Experiments show that the pole vowels of the three dialects is different.The acoustic models are diffent,the location and magnitude of acoustic space are different.