Guangzhou, Meixian, Nanchang Dialect Vowel Experimental Study

This paper concentrate on the vowels of dialects of Guangzhou, Meixian, and Nanchang throughout voice-acoustic experiments and theoretical analysis method, including the timbre feature of vowels and the acoustics feature and change of the compound vowels and vowels with nasal or glottal stop so as to get analyze the reasons of those changes. Also demonstrational stat analyze way will be used to get the stabilization index and polarization index of the vowels, then these two indexs will be used to analyze the vowel's stabilization of timbre in different language environment. After the standardization, we can get the culmination vowel's acoustics distribution, three dialects vowel's system and nine dialects (Guangzhou, Meixian,Nanchang, Jixi. Taiyuan, Fuzhou,xi'an,Changsha. Wenzhou)will be compared.This experiment will use the software Praat 5.1.43 to get the simple vowels, compound vowels and nasal and glottal stop vowels' F1 and F2 index, and software matlab7.0 will be used to write a program to paint the acoustics chart of vowels from different dialects. After observing the chart comparing Fland F2 statistics of dialects and mandarin, summing up each timbre feature of every dialect vowels, analyzing the disputes of traditional research and locating the simple vowels, we can get the conclusions that (1) Guangzhou dialect has seven simple vowels:i,u,y,a,e,(?),(?); the tongue location near the central, the lip-round of u is not obvious; (?),(?)'s tongue location is pretty high; the simlpe vowels mainly stay at the upper part of acoustics space. (2) The dialect of Meixian has i,u,a,(?),e,(?),o,all seven vowels; the tongue location of a and e is in front, the o is a little bit high; the lip-sharp of u is not round with strongly friction.(3) dialect of Nanchang has eight single vowels:i,u,y,a,(?),o,e,(?), the location of tongue of a is almost in central, i,y,(?) and part of u share the feature of friction.Having a comparison of the compound and corresponding simple vowel's F1 and F2 index, discuss the different acoustics features and changes of vowel in various positions, including the head middle and end to make sure the change phenomenon of sound in different locations, so as to analyze the primary reasons. Comparing the Fl F2 index of other vowels to get the statistics of the influence of nasal or glottal stop to different vowels. Main conclusions are hereby:(1) the timbre various a lot according to the different locations, such as the beginning.middle and end; the vowel at the head of the tongue location may affect by the former and next sound, and commonly their location of tongue is low, out of the reach of the tongue location of simple vowels. (2) the timbre of vowel also affect by nasal and glottal stops, but it is hard to find the obvious rule.Stabilization and polarization index shows the stability of different dialect vowels in different environments. The main rules as follow:(1) the high vowels of Guangzhou are not stable, the same like the middle vowel of Nanchang, one high and middle vowel of Meixian share the identical problem:(2)the head and end of the rhyme are easily flexuous, some timbre of the vowel even shows aberranee;(3) the rule of the other vowels is hard to summarize, various from one to the others.Compared the three systems of dialect, and different qualities of simple, compound and other vowels, we can get the conclusions that(1) In both Guangzhou and Nanchang systems, there are 11 vowel phonemes, but only 7 in Meixian.(2)the three systems share 5 same phonemes i,u,a,e,o, but the value of the phoneme is different, about 22 groups of compound vowels and consonant combination can be find i,u,a,ia,ua,uai,ei,ui,au,iu,an,a(?),ia(?),uan,ua(?),in,un,u(?),at,uat,it,ut;(3) In Meixian system, vowel "y" is not exist, in Guangzhou system, long and short vowels can be distinguished,and phoneme i only exists in Nanchang system. The glottal stop of m has vanished.MATLAB system which created by the standardization of the vowel formant can standardize the different culmination vowels in different situation of various language systems. The experiment shows that, different dialects have diversity in culmination vowels in different situation:acoustics pattern, acoustics space distributing and the scales are all various.9 dialect points'culmination vowels' can be located through standardization process, so as to have a comparison with the other vowels in these 9 dialects.