The Literature Association Of Huizhou In Ming And Qing Dynasty

The literature associations of Huizhou are a kind of spontaneous and voluntary civil organizations in Huizhou area and are also important educational organizations of Imperial Examination. The remaining local documents about the literature associations in Huizhou area keep a detailed record of the real operation of the associations of Huizhou in Ming and Qing dynasty. The thesis is devoted to probing into the basic and general reality of the literature associations of Huizhou area in Ming and Qing dynasty through the study of the organization, the managing of capitals, and the activities of the associations by observing the local documents and ancient literatures.The thesis holds that the literature associations of Huizhou area were originally founded in the Yuan dynasty. And after the healthy development in the early Ming dynasty, they came to blossom in the middle of the Ming dynasty. With the peak in the end of Ming dynasty, the associations suffered a decline in Qing dynasty since they started to change with the social change. So every stage of the development of the literature associations in Huizhou area was closely related to the social transitions.The thesis through the study of the local documents about the literature associations finds out that the associations fall into two kinds: the nominal and the functional. The functions include social insurance, social education and social order.In the aspect of organization, the associations laid down rules to manage them. Most of them adopted the rotation system of the leader. They regard highly of the funds of the associations and managed them well. The expenditures were divided into regular ones and temporary ones. Based on the existing data, by scientific counting under the direction of the statistic methods, the thesis discovers the unbalance of the distraction of the associations, among which the ones in County She played a major role.The literature associations of Huizhou area in Ming and Qing dynasty on the one hand maintain the order in the family and on the other hand played a role in the construct and integration of the order in the village. So, they had a great influence on the transition and development of Huizhou society.