Correcting Deviant Behaviors Of And Guidance To Primary Students

Pupils'deviant behaviors are those that are not liked by others, do not live up to normal expectation in specific social situation, and do not involve into emotional disturbance, behavioral disfunction, and violation of laws. Pupils'deviant behaviors can be classified from different perspectives. Huang Yuexia, a Taiwan scholar, classified it from the causes of deviant behaviors. But identifying primary students' deviant behaviors through the observation of their everyday life based on children's life-world perspective is more helpful to children's adaptation to social life.When thinking of primary students' deviant behaviors from the life-span development perspective, it is required to pay attention to the immediate destructive effect on children's development, but also be aware of the extension of destructiveness into adulthood. Deviant behaviors without correction on time can produce negative results, not only putting these students into disadvantageous social position, but also probably become symptoms of personality disorders while extending into adulthood.Ecosystem-Social Learning Perspective is amenable to explaining pupils'deviant behaviors, which ascertain that behavioral and personality development is influenced by internal cognition, observation to others' behaviors, and the situation in which behavior occurs. Watson and Skinner's behaviorism expound the influence of the match between conditioning stimulus and unconditioning reflex, reinforcement and punishment factors in environment on behaviors. Julian Rotter integrated the expectation-value with the reinforcement and punishment of behaviorism. Albert Bandura created social-cognitive theory. Walter Mischel identified cognitive social-learning person variables which co-determines people's behavior with situational conditions. Change in behave and cognition happens in the transaction while the individual interacts with environment, therefore professionals should not only tell students what behavior is desirable, nurture students'expectation, behavioral skills, and preferences, further nurture children's behavioral regulation systemwhen using social learning theories to solve children's deviant behaviors, but also regulate the relationship between the client and his/her environment.Based on the aforementioned cognitions on deviant behaviors and the children's life-world perspective, this research recognizes and identifies the incidence of primary students' deviant behaviors through observation and interview, lays out the classification and the diagnostic criteria of deviant behaviors; designs and implements the scheme for correcting deviant behaviors centered on token economy; establish appropriate system of mental health education by integrating the practice of mental counseling with the scheme for correcting deviant behaviors centered on token economy after its effectiveness is validated.Token economies is a technique for managing reinforcers based on operation conditioning, and is very effective in correcting children's behaviors. This research designs the scheme for correcting deviant behaviors centered on token economy under the guidance of social learning theories and the social ecosystem, which consists of customized plan of token economy for individuals, selection of reinforcers that is corresponding to children's life situation, using the effect of token as secondary reinforcers, the system of handing out tokens, allowing for the ecosystem of which the student is a part, integration of behavioral changes with changes in other dimensions of mind through individual counselling.The result of this research suggests that the scheme for correcting deviant behaviors centered on token economy is an effective way in correcting primary students' deviant behaviors, which requires reinforcing positive changes in deviant behaviors when giving tokens, making the connection between the token and desirable behaviors outstanding through individual counselling, motivating student's desire to get more tokens by changing deviant behaviors, facilitating positive changes in various aspects such as behavioral skills, self-evaluation, feeling and beliefs during reinforcing. Meanwhile, the relationships with the environment, such as family relationships, peer relationships, should be adjusted appropriately.The scheme for correcting deviant behaviors centered on token economy, as an interlocking organic system, is conducive to the improvement of the system of mental health education. It is necessary to establish rapport between teachers and students, be careful to the interaction between students and their environment, and individualize each student while administering the scheme for correcting deviant behaviors centered on token economy.