The Study On Evolution Of Public Grain Policy In Northwest Base Of Shanxi Province During The Anti-Japanese Period

After Anti-Japanese War broke out, the Eighth Route Army quickly crossed the Yellow River from the east to help the Kuomintang against the Japanese army entering Shanxi province. On September 11,1937, after the Japanese occupation of Taiyuan, the war situation changed to guerrilla warfare which was dominated by the Eighth Route Army in Shanxi province. The fundamental of the guerrilla war is to establish bases; and the fundamental of the base long-term existence and stability development is supply capacity of the economy. At the beginning of the establishment in the base, financial problems were solved mainly dependent on donations. As the war situation changing and Anti-Japanese War regime maturing, the base established and developed public grain institution gradually, which has provided a guarantee for the base stable development and made great contributions to the supply of war forces. This paper studied the implementation effects of public grain ordinance, in other words, the quality and quantity of public grain and summed up the experience and lessons of public grain charge in every stage by analyzing the background of public grain ordinance evolution in the base areas in Shanxi northwest from the year 1937 to 1945 and showing each new issued regulations, in order to analyze the Chinese Communist Party how to take effective control on country resources and how to extend the state power to the rural community.The paper was divided into five parts and arranged the articles structure in chronological order. Details are as follows:Introduction part described the purpose and significance of the evolution of public grain policy during the Anti-Japanese War period and introduced the public grain research trends at home and abroad and research contents and research methods of this paper.The first chapter described the background and the effects of public grain ordinance implementation in the base areas in Shanxi northwest from the year 1937 to 1939 and researched the experiences and lessons in the process of public grain ordinance implementation. The approach of the grain tax collection did not form a written system in this phase. However, it provided a reference for the anti-Japanese democratic government on formulating and implementing a new public grain policy, which was with a test significance.The second chapter introduced the true sense of the generation and initial development process of grain tax regulations, that is public grain regulations from 1940 to 1942. This period was not only the initial stage of public grain regulations, but also the difficult times of the base. Although there were big problems, grain tax collection work carried out in a difficult; but compared to the previous fiscal as mainly on rely donations, it has been made great success. Complying with textual structure of the first chapter, this chapter presented the background, the implementation effects and the experiences and lessons of public grain ordinance in this period.The third chapter analyzed the implementations and practice effects of public grain regulations from 1943 to 1945. In this period, the form of war changed rapidly; protracted war turned to counter-offensive warfare; the situation of the bases had great changes. Therefore, there was an urgent need for substantial military expansion into the counterattack and the military expansion must protected economy, which highlighted the importance of the public grain work. This chapter studied the gains and losses of public grain work from 1943 to 1945 by combination public grain work with the form of war. Conclusion part summarized the results of this study, obtained the burden of public grain in Shanxi northwest heavier compared to the other bases and the burden of landlords and rich peasants in Shanxi northwest the same as the above. However, the target was not achieved basically to weaken the feudal economy by public grain regulations. Public grain work made great progress in eight years, but it still did not achieve a reasonable burden and not fully correct leftist thinking.In order to seek a more intuitive results showing the evolution of public grain ordinance and more objective analysis of gains and losses of the evolution in public grain ordinance, this paper used the historical tradition method of historical analysis with the reference of statistical methods, icons, measurement methods in economics appropriately.