| Dengzhou, as the name of an administrative division of ancient China, was set up originally in early Tang Wude period, promoted to government in Hongwu nine years (AD1376), and the organizational system was canceled in the beginning of last century. Dengzhou prefectural, located in the northernmost part of Shandong Peninsula, is close to the Bohai Sea and the the Huanghai Sea. It is linked northwards to the liaodong peninsula through the temple island archipelago, and across from the sea are Korean Peninsula and Japan. In the historical period Dengzhou City had served as an important gateway for foreign exchange and trade, as well as the political, economic, cultural and military center of the ancient Jiaodong region. Mainly based on the historical development course, this article explores the historical and geography phenomenon of the ebb and flow of Dengzhou city form the aspects of its origin, changes of the legacy, the uncertainties of the city development in the early stage, the contradiction between the prosperity of the city and its urban geography during Ming Dynasty, and the decline of the city. Besides, this article is meant to summarize the geographic conditions that have influenced the development and transition of Dengzhou city in historical period.The first chapter discusses the establishment process of Dengzhou city. Based on this, this chapter analyzes the natural geographical and humane geographical reasons for the establishment and transition of Dengzhou city.The second chapter, based on the historical development, analyzes the relationship between the city status and the city environmental needs Of Dengzhou city in its early stage from the following three perspectives: the changes of the natural geographical environment of Dengzhou city in Tang dynasty; the rehabilitation of the city in Tang dynasty; the change of city functions in Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties. Finally, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that the city space of Dengzhou city in this period can completely satisfy the history requirement.The third chapter is the major part of this paper. Through the analysis of the diplomatic line of Dengzhou city in Ming dynasty and the demands of liaodong peninsula for material transit center and military defense, it is concluded that Dengzhou city has become a regional transfer station in Ming dynasty. However, contradictions arise between historical needs and geographical space limitations. Some specific schemes are made to work it out, that is, by expanding the city in accordance with the terrain; evacuating the post houses; building the water supply independently. Due to all these measures, Dengzhou city finally satisfies the historical needs, and reaches an unprecedented flourishing.Chapter four mainly studies the reasons for the decline of Dengzhou city from the following aspects:the abolishment of marine transport and the silting up of the port after late Ming; the abolition and removal of various administrative organizations; the changes of the world situation in the new period and the changes of service targets of Shandong peninsula port. In addition, through the comparison between Yantai and Dengzhou in terms of development opportunities, the reason why Yantai city takes place of Dengzhou speaks for itself since Yantai city takes upper hand in harbor environment and city space development potential.From all the above analysis, it is safe to draw the conclusion that site selection has an indivisible relationship with demands of the times; natural environment can meet the needs of times after being artificially transformed, however, when this transformation reaches its limit, or revolutionary changes happen to the social economy, the historically selected city sites can no longer satisfy the new historical mission requirements, and would be replaced by new places that can meet historical requirements. |
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