Study On Carbon Tariffs And Countermeasures

In June,2009, U.S. House of Representatives passed the "Clean Energy and Security Act", the bill authorizes the United States imposed tariffs on carbon dioxide emissions which did not meet greenhouse gas emissions from the amount of imports of countries. The launching of the bill put the problem of global climate into a new climax. Climate issues became a important discussion. In the effort of all the nations, developed a "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" and the "Kyoto Protocol" and "Copenhagen" and other international treaties, all of the world make an effort in reduce greenhouse gas emissions. At this time, the U.S. launched a unilateral "carbon tariff" measures, It's undoubtedly that distrust the effort of the other countries, especially the United States until now has not signed the "Kyoto Protocol", make the accused of the behavior of the other countries.The full text is divided into three parts in addition to preface and closing part.The first chapter the background of carbon tariffs. Divided into three sections describes the background of carbon tariff. First, international background, in the international environment, greenhouse gas emissions, the energy crisis, the subprime crisis prompted the production of carbon tariff. Second is the international legal background, "the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", "Kyoto Protocol", "Copenhagen" These international treaties have also contributed to a carbon tariff. Third, the U.S. and EU tariffs on carbon claims, the United States advocates a carbon tariff to compensate for the charge reduction caused by the decline in the competitiveness of domestic products. The EU also aims to collect a carbon tariff, for various reasons, the EU carbon tariff issue is still discussed.Chapter carbon tariff relations with the multilateral trade agreements. Detailed comparison of the three parts of carbon tariffs and the basic principles of multilateral trade, WTO "general exception clause", "Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement" between. Analysis, carbon tariff violation of GATT ArticleⅠ, ArticleⅢ, if the tax costs more than the standard schedule is a violation of ArticleⅡ. In the "general exception clause" of the comparison, in line with GATT twenty (b), the "to protect human, animal and plant life and health measures made," this condition, but does not meet the "necessary" in this condition. Found (g), "and domestic measures to limit production and consumption compatible, for the effective protection of exhaustible natural resources measures." But a violation of the provisions of section twenty introductions, constitute arbitrary discrimination in other countries, and a disguised restriction on international trade. Also under the "Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement", carbon tariffs constitute a de facto technical barriers.ChapterⅢof carbon tariffs on China. Divided into two parts, one of China's foreign trade, and second, influence of high-carbon industries. Foreign trade in Sino-US trade is the greatest impact, resulting in decreased exports, imports could rise, in addition to other countries or regions may lead to follow the United States implement a carbon tariff policy. The impact of high-carbon industry in China mainly exports increased costs, reduced market share, output fell, affecting domestic employment environment.ChapterⅣof the law response to carbon tariffs Strategies. From both domestic and international levels in terms of carbon tariff problems were discussed. National level through the establishment of a carbon tax, to strengthen the green certification, energy cooperation, change the mode of economic development in order to address problems caused by carbon tariffs and international level through multilateral negotiations, the use of WTO dispute settlement mechanism to resolve possible trade disputes arising in the future.Through a comprehensive analysis of carbon tariff argument, I believe that carbon tariff is the new green trade barriers, apparently, the United States by virtue of its technological advantages to protect the environment. But make the trade protection, actually. China is the world's largest exporter, carbon tariff issues related to most of our export industries, therefore, carbon tariffs if not handled properly, may lead to more serious in future international trade disputes, affecting the export of China's foreign trade, thereby affecting restructuring of domestic enterprises and employment issues. Because of it, study on the problems of arising from carbon tariffs. It's a significance what found the proper strategy in solving the adverse effects.