| China's grain subsidy policy was mainly consist of the direct subsidy on grain, agricultural machinery subsidies, improved seeds subsidies and agricultural machinery purchase subsidies. After the grain subsidies police carry out, subsidies scale has been increasing year by year, people gradually pay more attention on policy implementation and benefit. In farmers'opinion, the influence of policy on the farm'production behavior, the problems in policy implementation, the aim is to provide beneficial suggestions for perfect and improve the policy issue program, it is meaningful to improve the farmer's income, enhance agricultural production ability .The study in the questionnaire of farms for 9 cities 22counties and 64 natural villages about the problem of grain subsidy, which are those cities: Baiyin, Dingxi, Jiuquan, Lanzhou, Qingyang, Tianshui, Wuwei, Zhangye, Pingliang. The study send out more than 1200 questionnaires, and back to 1120, the effect questionnaires are 1051 copies.The survey shows that, grain subsidies have a high degree by farmers'identity, farmers expressed satisfaction with the proportion of four subsidies is: 73.77%,65.50%,59.52%,57.46%, to compared with releasing direct subsidy on grain and agricultural machinery subsidies by general preferential system, its limited for improved seeds subsidies and agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, so farmers'satisfaction is slightly low.Farmers views on grain subsidy implementation is mainly about: Farmers on food subsidies understanding level is low; Farmers understand degree on direct subsidy on grain, agricultural machinery subsidies and agricultural machinery purchase subsidies is 24.78%,23.57%,59.52%. Farmers'understanding on subsidies have great difference from place to place. In the implementation of direct subsidy on grain and agricultural machinery subsidies, farmers known little about farmers in other place, accounted for 27.25%,26.98%, people, only 54.94% and 23.44% , thought subsidies can release on time and full specified amount. The way of improved seeds subsidies form after sales subsidies to straight cash changed expanding coverage, and 81.03% willing to accept cash subsidies. Farmers who interviewed to guarantee of agricultural machinery are 748 sets, which purchase 449 in 2004 years, only 73 sets received by subsidies, so the subsidies is low.The effect of grain subsidy policy mainly about: after implementing of the police of direct subsidy on grain, more than half of farmers increased enthusiasm than before, accounted for 54.54%, but farmers actual grain area increased only 12.86%. After implementing of agricultural machinery subsidies, Farmers, accounted for 42.37%, will purchase for agriculture subsidies, and 63.99% think agriculture input increased than before. The implementation of improved seeds subsidies not only farmers of 48.26% are increase income, in Gansu province, it have good effect on wheat cultivar improvement, potatoes standardization, the specialized production effect is prominent. The implementation of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, farmers, account for 89.86%, expressed satisfaction on quality and greatly drive the farm machinery consumption. Through the farm machinery operation service organizations and farmers' professional co-operatives, accelerate the development of marketization for agricultural machinery service, enhance the process of the specialization and industrialization.In the process of policy implementation, the problems mainly about: the implement process is complicated for direct subsidy on grain and agricultural machinery subsidies, larger workload to cadres, lack related working funds, workers on subsidy policy emphasis is not higher, as the result of the policy implementation is not stronger enough. In land circulation process, relevant subsidies will be fully release to the transferor's account, and the actual land of farmers to benefit, actually, farmers who go in for farming are no beneficence form that. Those are important force of grain production the field of thoroughbred, state farm and farmers' professional co-operatives, but all have no subsidies. It is difficult for ways of general preferential system and low subsidies standards. To grain subsidy, although there are 81.03% of farmers willing to accept cash subsidies, but there are 25.92% of farmers will be not used for subsidies to buy thoroughbred, so, if release cash straightly, will have a quarter of subsidies crash become peasants income and cannot achieve the promotion effect. In addition, the farmers buy conventional wheat seed have a low proportion, and the effect of increasing is not enough obviously, instead, farmers buy hybrid seed have a high proportion, and increase yield is significantly, so it is unfavorable take the same for improved seed subsidies. We found that farm lack of necessary technology training and after-sales service in implement process of agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, funds is a obvious facts for farms to buy machine, the subsidies agricultural machinery purchase subsidies also needs to be expanded.According to the state that farmers are on the low degree of grain subsidy and grain subsidy in a situation that it implement difficultly, government departments should arrange appropriate proportion of working funds,increase policy advocacy and training of the grain subsidy,ensure the executive power of policy. And to increase grain production organization of subsidy, such as the field of thoroughbred, state farm and farmers' professional co-operatives. Thoroughbred subsidies should be increased the scope of thoroughbred subsidies and the varieties of subsidies. Appropriate can increase the thoroughbred of economic crop and strength to the guidance of farmers buy seeds. In order to solve the funds difficult of buying agricultural machinery by farmers and to seek various ways, agricultural machinery subsidies should continue to increase the types of subsidy, and strength the research the small machinery of farm and special agricultural machine for a mountainous area. |
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