The Study Of Financial Allowance For City Bus

The public traffic is fundamental for a city. The public traffic can directly affect the satisfactory assessment to the city given by residents. Furthermore, it can make tremendous effect on the economics, politics, cultural education, technology. In 1819, public carriage was offered to residents as hired transport devices, which was a mile stone of city public traffic. In 1870, track carriages appeared in the street in London. The first underground using steam as the motive power was founded and opened to traffic in 1863. Due to the update of the traffic tools and technical devices promoted by industrial development, the modernized progress of the public traffic was accelerated and the traffic tools with lagging performance were replaced by advanced ones. For example, the public carriages and track carriages were replaced by streetcars and trolleybuses as well as buses; the underground using steam as the motive power was replaced by electrical underground. Hereafter, the buses gradually developed to be the main part of the city public traffic. In the 1960s, the volume of traffic in some large cities increased swiftly, which leaded to serious heavy traffic. Thus, the situation promoted the development of the underground. In the early 1980s, about 60 cities all over the world had underground or fast streetcars. The total length of their ways in business was 3280 km and 2080 km belonged to the underground way. The annual quantities of passengers transport was more than 15billlion. In the large cities of some countries, many kinds of traffic tools have been combined together and the artery and branches have been connected together. Therefore, a relative perfect city public traffic system has been made available.The city public traffic in Chinese cities has developed rapidly since 1949. The average annual growing rate of the passengers transport quantities was about 8%. In 1983, the passengers transport quantities were more than 20billion. In order to develop the city public traffic better, China founded the research center of public traffic which was responsible for making city public traffic policies and technical schemes as well as development plans in parts of the main cities in late 1970s. People have long been interested in the study of city public traffic. In 1885, the international track haulage union was founded in Brussels, it was renamed as UITP which engaged in the study of technical, economic problems available in public traffic. This union exchanges experience regularly. It has near 60 members by the early 1980s.After the end of the Second World War, due to the rapid development of the industry in many countries, the scale of the cities has been keeping enlarging. The traffic booms due to the rapid development of private cars, motorbike, bicycles. The rate of constructing roads cannot keep pace with the traffic increase since there are actual difficulties in rebuilding city roads. Therefore, traffic block occur in cities, speed of automobiles is reduced, accidents rates increase, noise and air pollution are getting more and more serious. All the above problems not only cause a waste of energy but also cause difficulties to the public, the time wasted on road is getting longer and longer. Although the public traffic is not so convenient as the private traffic tools, it has specific advantages. The main public traffic artery has very high efficiency after being transferred underground on certain condition. Therefore, developing city bus can not only solve the problem of heavy traffic and traffic block, but also can save energy and improve city environment as well as reduce pollution.In order to promote to develop the city public traffic better, many governments have made supporting policies in economic aspect. The item in favor of public traffic has been confirmed in traffic laws. Furthermore, the policies which effectively limit private traffic tools have been carried out. For example, in France, public traffic tax is collected to be the allowance for bus system; America takes legal measure to preferentially develop public traffic. Our country's public traffic policy continuously develop, however, many defects occur in nowadays public traffic policies. According to the analysis of the allowance for our country's public traffic, many defects have been found. For example, the object receiving allowance is not clear; the compute mode of allowance amount is not accurate. The key to solve these problems is to distinguish policy deficit and operating deficit of the Bus Company as well as make the bus companies to improve business administration actively to raise the service quality rather than depend on the allowance. If not, the deficit of the bus companies will be more and more even if the government keeps giving allowance to them. The history of the public traffic overseas is longer than that of our country. Therefore, much experience from them can be the reference. From the study of the international public traffic allowance, many ways which can promote the development of our bus companies can be found. For example, the legislation and traffic tax of the other countries can be one of the good choices. This essay proposes some countermeasures to improve the public traffic allowance policy according to the international experience together with the national conditions.