Study On The Efficiency Of Joint Ventures In Automotive Industry And Related Factors

In this paper, the development of automotive industry in both the world and China, and the present situation of joint venture car companies are analyzed at first, showing that joint venture car companies play important roles in China and the background and reasons of building joint automotive company. Secondly, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to measure comparative efficiency of joint ventures, refer to CRS model, VRS model and DEA-Malmquist method, with both static analysis and dynamic analysis. The data of this paper are main joint venture car companies data from 2003-2009, and the software DEAP is used to do the analysis. In static analysis, the technical efficiency and scale efficiency are calculated to measure the efficiency and the increase or decrease situation of returns to scale are concluded. In dynamic analysis, the companies are compared under same standard, the change of technical efficiency is observed, and the conclusion is similar to static analysis. The grouping average number and ANOVA methods are used to research on factors related to efficiency.The results of above analysis are:there is significant difference among joint venture car companies and it doesn't comply with people's impression and experience. The companies with high market share are usually not the best because of redundant input like human resource, finance, assets, referring to non-efficient resource allocation and management, which leads to decrease of returns to scale. Different countries and mother enterprises affect the efficiency significantly, and the financial strength, brand equity and category of products slightly affect the efficiency. But the geographic factor, the period of existing and capital are not related to efficiency.In conclusion, existing joint ventures should recognize real status of production and management, to do some adjustment for better development; new joint ventures should also clearly notice the competition status and make proper resource allocation for long term development; Government and organizations need to objectively be aware of achievements of different joint ventures for better policy making; Industry association, related people, consumers and investors also evaluate joint ventures in a scientific and comprehensive way, to make good estimation decision, buying decision and investment decision.