Solid-state Synthesis Conditions And Characterizations Of Cerium Phthalocyanine

Phthalocyanine has been discovered for more than100years, during this period, countless scientists were engaging in the studies of phthalocyanine, and reserved so many valuable resources. The phthalocyanine is a series of macrocyclic compounds with well thermal stability and chemical stability, which is just the reason for studying phthalocyanines. In addition, the applications of phthalocyanines have attractive prospects in many areas, such as photodynamic therapy, light guide, chemical sensor, solar cell, optical recording media material, nonlinear optics material, electrochromism in catalyze, and LB membrane. Therefore, phthalocyanines has attracted a large numbers of chemists to work on its basic research and applied research. In this paper, we synthesize cerium phthalocyanine by benzoic anhydride-urea solid-state method, and discuss the characterizations of production; moreover the physical and chemical properties also have been studies. There are two aspects below:1. According to the reaction temperature, solid-state chemical reaction could be divided into three kinds, low heat solid-state with reaction temperature below100℃, moderate heat solid-state method with reaction temperature between100～600℃, high heat solid-state method with reaction temperature above600℃.[1] In this paper, we study the synthesis of cerium phthalocyanine by benzoic anhydride-urea solid-state method in three different ranges of temperature, these are-8.4℃～0.6℃,25℃,50℃～240℃. The production is monitored by XRD, it indicates that this reaction could not happen when it was carried out below0℃or at room temperature, however, the reaction is complete as the temperature rises up to200℃, so it is confirmed that this is a moderate heat solid-state reaction. Meanwhile, it also prove by the results of the XRD that core formation is the determinative step during the four steps of solid-state reaction, which is diffuse, reaction, core formation, and growth.2. The cerium phthalocyanine has been synthesis by benzoic anhydride-urea solid-state method, and the influence of reaction conditions (temperature, time, quantities of additive and catalyst) on the yield of cerium phthalocyanine has been investigated. The results showed that the yield can reach the maximum when the reaction condition is200℃for4hours with a certain reactant ratio [n (benzoic anhydride):n (urea):n (cerium nitrate)=1:5:0.25] using ammonium molybdate as a catalyst (2.5%of benzoic anhydride) and sodium carbonate as an additive (50%of benzoic anhydride). The structure of cerium phthalocyanine is well established by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, UV-Vis-NIR spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, mass spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.