| Coal occupies an important position in China’s energy structure, but because of the large-scale exploitation of coal resources, but also caused enormous destruction of the natural ecological environment of the coal mining area. Therefore, the prediction of ground subsidence caused by underground way mining coal on the ecological environment, and proposed subsidence area ecological environment protection and recovery to take appropriate countermeasures, as well as ecological compensation mechanism, has a vital significance.This paper in order to protect the ecological environment and ecological recovery and related theory as a foundation, combined with domestic and external coal subsidence area ecological restoration and protection of ecological environment, and other aspects of the project, a coal mine in northern shaanxi work well as the research object, by adopting probability integral method ground subsidence prediction, and in the light of the ecological restoration and renovation, ecological compensation mechanism and puts forward the countermeasures. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) the fragile ecosystem of the study area, anti-jamming capability; low vegetation cover, vegetation, mainly Artemisia, Salix shrub and Bothriochloa grass; the study area land use types grassland, woodland, farmland, residentspoints and the mining land, traffic land and waters, shrub land and grassland; the study area, the main land use types flora and fauna is relatively simple structure, a single species, without the protection of animals and plants of national and local priorities.(2) According to research factors in the research area, such as geological and coal seam occurrence mode, adopt the probability integral method suitable for calculating the earth surface subsidence of acclivitous coal seam excavating, and predict ground ecological impact degree and scope caused by subsidence.According to the forecast results,1#mine field various mining coal seam subsidence superimposed value of5.41～15.16m, with an average of about13.76m;2#mine field all the coal seam, mining coal seam subsidence superimposed value of6.12～16.23m, with an average approximately14.53m; affect the range forecast of surface subsidence caused by coal seam1#mine field30～120m and2#mine field35～130m; each coal seam surface movement duration ranging from200to650days; Ida surface subsidence. The maximum speed range from41.25to240.36mm/d.(3) Ground subsidence caused by coal mining for the study area of arable land, irrigation, woodland, natural grassland, groundwater resources, some impact. The study area1677hm2in arable land area affected by subsidence, filling a total forest area11189hm2, the total area of natural grassland5292hm. The water flowing fractured zone in the well field within the local zone through the Quaternary, a greater impact on the vegetation root conservation layer of water, but in general the groundwater of the Quaternary fill, to the limited impact of the discharge conditions.(4) The study area including the identification of a comprehensive remediation objectives, vegetation restoration and compensation, as well as environmental management and monitoring plan, according to the size of the subsidence impact, targeted with specific recommendations for repair of land reclamation and ecological remediation program.(5) Specific repair of land reclamation and ecological remediation program:for irrigation within the subsidence area of woodland and grassland, to take the land affected by manual or simple mechanical regulation, supplemented by natural recovery; in the low and the slope of the ditch flow terraces and beach gentle slope region’s arable land to take artificial and simple machinery to fill the block cracks, leveling subsidence steps and other measures for land reclamation; measures to take to fill labor and heavy machinery blocking cracks, leveling subsidence step for the wide and slow and low-lying relatively flat block of arable land carry out remediation of the affected land. |
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