The Extration From Xanthium Sibiricum Leaves And Biological Antimicrobial Agent Against The Putrefactive Microorganism Of Apples

Traditionally, the control of putrefactive microorganism of fruits relies mainly on the useof chemical antimicrobial agent, but this had potentially harmful effects on the human safetyand environment protection. Therefore, developing non-chemical control methods to reducedecay of fruits is becoming more important. The aim of this study was to assess theantimicrobial activity of different plant extracts, and used it alone or in combination withbiological antimicrobial agent in vivo and in vitro. We also described the occurrence of anenhancing inhibitory effect of the combined application and the mechanism of action in rough.These results could arise as a scientific approach for reduce decay of fruits using more naturalprocedures.We study antimicrobial activity of6absolute ethyl alcohol extracts of different parts of5plants, including Lonicera Japonica stems, Pinus massoniana leaves, Pinus tabulaeformisCarr leaves, Folium Ginkgo leaves, Xanthium sibiricum Patr leaves, Xanthium sibiricum Patrseeds. The tested plant extracts showed different antimicrobial activity against the testedmicroorganisms, and the extracts from Xanthium sibiricum Patr leaves showed highest effect.In vitro we tested minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of plant extracts and biologicalantimicrobial agent.In the latter assays, fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) values werecalculated. Some combinations were found to be synergistic, the extration from Xanthiumsibiricum leaves and Natamycin were found to be highly effective against P.expansum(FICI0.375).To investigate the a antimicrobial mechanism of the extration from Xanthium sibiricumleaves and Natamycin against P.expansum. Under the treatment of the extration fromXanthium sibiricum leaves and Natamycin alone or in combination for a period, Which couldresult in leakage of protein and solublesugar of P.expansum and change of penetrability ofcell membrane to make conductivity increase, and their combination was much better than theeffect alone. The effect on ATPases activity and the amount of ergosterol were alsoinvestigated. Nevertheless, these differences were not significant when treated with incombination or Natamycin alone. In vivo test, we determined the efficacy of the extration from Xanthium sibiricum leavesor Natamycin at different concentrations with subinhibitory concentrations alone, and theircombination in reducing the decay caused by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit. The resultsindicated that application of Natamycin alone and their combination were effective ininhibiting the decay in apple fruit wounds, especially with the high concentrations. Moreover,combination of the extration from Xanthium sibiricum leaves and Natamycin resulted in asynergistic inhibition of the decay, when inhibition ratio above75%(CI<1). The extrationfrom Xanthium sibiricum leaves and Natamycin treatment induced a significant increase inthe activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and peroxidase in apple fruit. Their combinationincrease in the enzyme activities was much better than the effect of the extration fromXanthium sibiricum leaves or Natamycin alone. These findings suggest that the effects of theextration from Xanthium sibiricum leaves and Natamycin on decay in apple fruit maybeassociated with the direct fungitoxic property against P.expansum, and the elicitation ofdefense-related enzymes in apple fruit.In conclusion, the results showed that Xanthium sibiricum leaves was demonstratedpromising antimicrobial potential, a combination of Xanthium sibiricum leaves andNatamycin had a synergistic effect on the control of decay caused by P.expansum in applefruit. This maybe associated with plasma membrane integrity of P. expansum and inducers offruit resistance.