Synthesis Of1-amino-3-dodecyl-1,2,3-Triazolium Nitrate Of Energetic Surfactant

The applications of surfactant in energetic materials field are wide all along. How to make the added surfactant not affect the entire energy of energetic materials has been a research focus. The introduction of energetic group on the surfactant not only improve the energy of the material, but keep the surface activity, maintaining the energy of the whole system.1-Amino-3-dodecyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrate was synthesized using glyoxal, hydrazine and bromododecane as starting materials in four steps including addition-elimination, cyclization, alkylation and double replacement reaction. The reaction conditions based on reported references of addition-elimination, cyclization were optimized. The conditions of alkylation reaction were explored and optimized. The optimal reaction conditions were confirmed depending on the experimental data:(1) In addition-elimination reaction, the molar ratio of hydrazine hydrate, glyoxal and methanol is3:1:9, the reaction temperature is70℃, reaction time is5h, to the yield90.3%;(2) In cyclization reaction, the mass ratio of activated manganese dioxide and glyoxal bishydrazone is2:1, reaction temperature is20℃, reaction time3.Oh, to the yield88.2%;(3) In alkylation reaction, the molar ratio of1-amino-1,2,3-triazole and bromododecane is1:1.5, reaction temperature is80℃, reaction time is40h, to the yield64.5%.The structure of1-amino-3-dodecyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrate was confirmed by NMR, IR, and MS. The properties of physical and chemical and explosive performance of1-amino-3-dodecyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrate were measured to achieve ideal parameters.