The New Period Of Deterioration Of The Three Rivers Ecological Investigation And Analysis

Since entering new century, Sanjiang source of ecological environmentdeterioration caused the height of Party and country seriously and the wideattention of social all circles.Qinghai is China’s important resource in area, andis the national important ecological barrier zone.China’s typical economyunderdeveloped area, it is Chinese nation’s important freshwater resources,known as the alpine biology natural germplasm resources gene bank, has aunique and Typical Alpine ecosystem.But as a developing province of Qinghaiin the long-term development of marginalized embarrassing.How to solve goodresource enrichment and ego development capacity insufficiency contradiction,handle good protect environment and economic development, and the use andplay late dominant position, the proper use of ecological construction, overallarrangement.Government of province of provincial Party committee from theQinghai rich endowments conditions, ecological status, to ease the resourceconstraints and the construction of ecological civilization, optimize theutilization of resources, improve resource utilization efficiency, acceleratedevelopment as the largest political task, advantage of resource of base oneselfupon Strengthening the basic construction, strive to explore the plateau regionaldevelopment pattern of circular economy.Sanjiang source region population than previously have increasedsubstantially, population, increased livestock grazing pressure is increased, theecological environment, human influence increased, grasslanddeterioration.According to the survey, due to human impact of the ecologicaldeterioration of the environment is more and more serious, businessman,prospectors, miners, hundreds of thousands of digging for worms ", taken foodand skin of Nostoc flagelliforme people crowded to reserve, overload depastureswhile still serious, motor vehicle increases considerably, population density is0.5/km2fixed number, excessive human activities to protect the area stillincreased adverse effects.By2004compared with1949population2times.Animals increased3times.According to pasturage branch is calculated in2002, Sanjiang source region of various livestock actual amount of livestock onhand1038.93x10~4, or2224.03x10~4sheep units.This region of the theoretical stocking rate in1392.67×10~4sheep units, overload831.63x10~4sheep units,overweighted rate59.7%.The grassland pressure, overwhelmed, resulting ingreat decline of grassland productivity.With the increase of population, theaverage per capita of Sanjiang source area livestock population has declined inthe mid Qing Dynasty, about33head only, in the early Republic of China isabout41, to200217.6.The ground and underground rat rat density andincreased the number of mousehole, widely distributed, ground vegetationdamage, increasing."Sanjiang" region of grassland degradation, plantcomposition in60--80%is poisonous weeds, edible forage yield only for thedegradation of the previous l0-20%, basically lose value for grazing.Turf meltstripping, coverage decreased from85%to20%the following, the bare soil leadto soil nutrient transformation suffocate suffocate, soil fertility is reducedceaselessly, soil nutrient loss soil layer thinning, reduced to sandbeach.Grassland area decreased, the phenomenon of forage yield increased three,drop, lower quality changes.According to the survey, nineteen eighties to ninety when the temperaturerises above seventy time, sixty time, in1999the temperature reaches the highestpoint, nearly40years the average temperature higher than1.15℃.The sametime, although the annual precipitation is basically stable, but the flood (6toSeptember) is the growth of forage critical period precipitation occurredobviously decreased, the nineteen ninties of rainfall in a eighty time is reducedby36mm.Temperatures led to grassland evaporation increases, while theevaporation volume increases and the reduction of precipitation is a direct resultof the river flow is reduced, Lake area and grassland degradation and ecologicalproblems, resulting in upstream of the Yellow River river flow is reduced, whichthe Yellow River reduced upstream traffic speeds up to per10a9.8m3/S; makeknown as "1000Lake County," said the county thousands of small lakesdisappear evaporate, Lake shrinking result is that used to be the national animalhusbandry rich county was reduced to "choose water and animal husbandry,water dried up and go" flow grazing County, to borrow it County pastureimpoverished county, more important is the arid climate, make "Sanjiang" areaforage grass growth period shorten, herbage growth height is on century eightytime drop30%-50%, volume yield grass drops, grassland degradation, animalhusbandry production pressure increase.According to the trend of the futureclimate change prediction, climate will continue warming, heat.This will furtheraggravate the deterioration of ecological environment.Because of the economic base, traffic conditions and other factors, to manage protected areas brought many unchanged, source area masses to the livestockindustry is the main industry, grazing on grassland protection impact protectionzone.Within the protection zone of herdsman of traditional production mode andlife style, concept, and implement protective measures of conflict, protectionarea is large, the herdsmen and ranch dispersion, management difficulty is big,to the source region of the financial difficulties.Soil desertification, flowdecreases, shrinking lake and a series of problems of ecological degradation,increasing trend, population, resource, environment, development of thecontradiction between the increasingly prominent, the ecological environmentand biological resource, water resource protection situation is more grim.As the river source ecological environment worsens day by day, has a directimpact on the entire river basins, the economic and social development, thus theprotection and improvement of ecological environment of rivers source, is themain task that develops greatly western, also manage the desertification andvegetation recovery opportunities.In a good background.I and a group ofSanjiang source for decades to environment and development were investigated,and the climate change, grassland degradation, soil desertification, reduction inflow, reduce human and livestock development in lakes, a series of ecologicaldegradation, right farming animal husbandry production and development of theresearch, and puts forward countermeasures.